Testicular leiomyosarcoma: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction and importance Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor derived from the smooth muscle, it represents approximately 7% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Male genitourinary leiomyosarcomas are rare (Abdullazade et al., 2013 [ 1 ]). Primary testicular leiomyosarcoma is an exceptional entity with only 30 cases reported in the literature (Giridhar et al., 2011). Due to its rarity, additional studies are necessary to better define the optimal therapeutic management. Case presentation We report a case of a 42-years-old male diagnosed in the urology department A of the University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat who complains of testicular swelling. The anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemical study revealed a leiomyosarcoma therefore, a radical inguinal orchiectomy with a primary ligation of the spermatic cord was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The assessment of extension did not reveal any lymph node location or secondary appearance thus the decision of the multidisciplinary meeting opted for regular cancer check-ups without adjuvant treatment. Discussion The actual etiology of testicular leiomyosarcoma is still unknown added to its clinical presentation and radiological results that are non-specific. Conclusion Leiomyosarcoma of the testis is a very rare tumor and its clinical and radiological presentation remains similar to other testicular malignancies.

First report of primary testicular leiomyosarcoma in two dogs

“…Human testicular leiomyosarcomas are subdivided into paratesticular and intratesticular with paratesticular tumour being more common [ 6 ]. Paratesticular sarcomas can arise mainly from the epididymis, spermatic cord, and tunica vaginalis [ 27 ].…”

“…In humans, testicular sarcomas are also very rarely noticed as primary lesions. The majority of publications regarding these tumours are case reports, and leiomyosarcoma seems to be the most commonly diagnosed sarcoma subtype [ 6 – 9 ]. Long-term anabolic steroid assumption, chronic inflammation of the testis, testicular germ cell tumours and testicular field radiation for treatment of leukaemia have been proposed as predisposing factors for testicular leiomyosarcoma development in young human patients [ 7 – 10 ].…”

Leiomiossarcoma paratesticular: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

“…Aproximadamente, 70% deles são benignos, como lipomas, tumores adenomatoídes e leiomiomas. Dos 30% malignos, 90% são representados por sarcomas, incluindo leiomiossarcoma, rabdomiossarcoma, lipossarcoma e sarcoma pleomórfico 2,3,4 .…”

“…Porém, o diagnóstico preciso necessita de avaliação histopatológica e, até mesmo, imunohistoquímica. O caso em estudo necessitou, para confirmação do subtipo do sarcoma, a realização de histopatológico e imuno-histoquímica 3,4,5 .…”

“…A ressonância nuclear magnética é utilizada para avaliação detalhada do local com delimitação da extensão tumoral e sua relação com os órgãos adjacentes. O PET-Scan é utilizado para avaliação de doença a distância e envolvimento linfonodal3,4,5 .…”