Testicular microanatomical and hormonal alterations following use of antiretroviral therapy inSprague Dawleyrats: Role of Naringenin

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected man may require assisted reproductive technology not just for safer conception but also due to subfertility. The study investigated the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the fertility potentials of males and the possible protective role of Naringenin, using Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into-A: Distilled water; B: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); C: Naringenin 40 mg/kg; D: Naringenin 80 mg/kg, E: HAART + Naringenin 40 mg/kg; F: HAART + Naringenin 80 mg/kg. The rats were euthanised after 10 weeks. Results showed a significant decrease in sperm count in group B when compared to the control and other groups. Spermatozoa with normal morphology also reduced significantly in the B group and progressive sperm motility reduced when compared to the control, D and the F group. The serum testosterone was not significantly different between groups A and B, however the groups C and D displayed significant increase when compared to groups A and B. The serum luteinising hormone was significantly higher in group B when compared to groups A, E and F. Our data suggest that Naringenin improves the male reproductive anatomy and function, therefore, it promises to be a beneficial adjuvant for mitigating HAART testicular and reproductive perturbations.

Improvement of Testicular Steroidogenesis Using Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids for Prevention of Late-Onset Male Hypogonadism

“…However, these changes in enzyme activity had no consequences on testosterone levels. Oppositely, oral administration of naringenin (14) to male rats for 10 weeks resulted in increased serum testosterone levels [78]. Therefore, the route of delivery of flavonoids may influence the result outcome in certain experimental designs.…”

Role of Antioxidant Natural Products in Management of Infertility: A Review of Their Medicinal Potential

“…This report suggested that both types of oil should be considered in future therapeutic approaches for controlling adverse impacts of obesity on male fertility. Adana et al assessed the beneficial effects of naringenin (40, 80 mg/kg for 10 weeks) to treat reproductive problems in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) exposed SD rats [ 68 ]. Naringenin is a flavone extract from citrus species which is famous for its bioactivities related with scavenging free radicals and protecting testicular toxicity.…”

Histomorphological study of the effects of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa on highly active antiretroviral therapy‐induced testicular toxicity

“…Symfi™ containing tenofovir (TDF, 300 mg), lamivudine (3TC, 300 mg) and efavirenz (EFV, 600 mg) (Elliott & Chan, 2018) was obtained from the Pharmaceutical Department of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido‐Ekiti, Nigeria. The dosage of Symfi administered was calculated for animal from the human therapeutic dose equivalent for a rat model (Adana et al., 2018).…”

“…All the treatments were conducted daily by oral administration, and after 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation 24 hr after the last treatment (Adana et al., 2018).…”

“…However, when taken over a long period, HAART has been found to be deleterious despite its obvious benefits (Savasi et al., 2019). It has been reported to be neurotoxic (Shah et al., 2016), hepatotoxic and being toxic to reproductive system in males (Adana et al., 2018).…”