Testicular Microlithiasis: Patient Compliance in a Two-Year Follow-Up Program

Pedersen, Malene Roland Vils; Osther, Palle Jørn Sloth; Soerensen, Flemming Brandt; Rafaelsen, Søren Rafael

doi:10.1055/s-0042-113776

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Richenberg and Brejt performed a literature study including 2656 patients referred for scrotal ultrasound examination and found 51 with TML (1.9%); none of the patients develop a germ cell tumor (11). In addition, a study investigated two-year scrotal ultrasound follow-up, including 103 patients with TML, and no cases of germ cell tumors were found (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between risk factors and testicular microlithiasis

Pedersen

Møller

Rafaelsen

et al. 2019

Acta Radiologica Open

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BackgroundTesticular microlithiasis and its clinical significance are not fully understood. Testicular microlithiasis and risk factors have been associated with testicular cancer. The role of testicular microlithiasis is investigated.PurposeTo investigate the association between testicular microlithiasis and socioeconomic and other pre-diagnostic factors.Material and MethodsAll men who had a scrotal ultrasound examination at the Department of Radiology, Vejle Hospital, during 2001–2013 were included. They were categorized as patients with and without testicular microlithiasis and compared with pre-diagnostic data from a nationwide registry. A total of 2404 men (283 [11.8%] with testicular microlithiasis and 2121 [88.2%] without testicular microlithiasis) were included. The association between testicular microlithiasis and pre-diagnostic conditions was investigated with logistic regression.ResultsOverall, we found no statistically significant differences in demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, or testicular diseases in men with and without testicular microlithiasis. Men with testicular microlithiasis had more often been treated for infertility (odds ratio [OR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–5.24) and testicular torsion (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.34–7.36) compared to men without testicular microlithiasis. We found no association between sexually transmitted diseases and testicular microlithiasis.ConclusionTreatment for infertility and torsion was non-significantly associated with testicular microlithiasis and no other association was found. These data do not suggest early exposure is related to testicular microlithiasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between risk factors and testicular microlithiasis

Pedersen

Møller

Rafaelsen

et al. 2019

Acta Radiologica Open

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subdividing according to ethnicity and prevalence in white, Asian/Pacific, Hispanic, and black men was found to be 4.0%, 5.6%, 8.5%, and 14.1% (1). Other studies have assessed the prevalence of TML in symptomatic patients to be around 8-18% (13,(18)(19)(20). Testicular macrocalcifications have only been rarely described in the literature and have typically been viewed as of no clinical significance (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular microlithiasis is associated with ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Pedersen

Bartlett

Rafaelsen

et al. 2017

Acta Radiologica Open

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BackgroundThere are limited studies about testicular microlithiasis (TML) and background information such as health, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status.PurposeTo assess the prevalence of TML in relation to socioeconomic status and ethnicity.Material and MethodsFrom a database of scrotal ultrasound examinations in a single institution, all men who underwent routine ultrasound examinations for a variety of symptoms from 1998 to 2015 were included. Skilled observers performed all examinations, and presence of any form of intra-testicular calcification, including TML, was recorded on the examination report and a representative image obtained and stored. A total of 1105 cases with TML were reviewed and random sample of 1105 controls from the same database was also reviewed. Demographics were recorded including ethnicity (white, black, and others) and socioeconomic groups (IMD Quintile).ResultsBlack men had increased prevalence of TML (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.72–2.75) compared with white men. Among the 1105 TML cases, 423 (38.3%) were white, 273 (24.7%) black, 152 (13.8%) had other ethnicities, and 257 (23.2%) had no ethnicity recorded. In the control group of 1105 men without TML, 560 (50.7%) were white, 171 (15.5%) black, 111 (10.0%) had other specified ethnicities, and 263 (23.8%) had no ethnicity recorded. Men from the most deprived socioeconomic groups had higher prevalence of TML than men in the most affluent groups, with a trend in OR from the least deprived to the most deprived group.ConclusionPathogenesis and clinical relevance of TML is unknown but our results point towards possible ethnic and socioeconomic variation in the underlying causes of TML.

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“…In the follow-up period only 2 men (0.5%) developed testicular cancer [ 16 ]. Afterwards, Pederson et al concluded – based on the two-year follow-up program – that none of the investigated men had developed testicular cancer within the minimum time frame of 50 months [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular microlithiasis: what urologists should know. A review of the current literature

Balawender

Orkisz

Wisz

2018

Cent european J Uro

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IntroductionTesticular microlithiasis is a finding incidental to the ultrasound examination of the scrotum. This article presents some new data regarding the etiopathology of testicular microliths. As there is a growing body of literature available, which associates testicular microlithiasis with a testicular germ cell tumor or male infertility, our review focuses on these relations (based on a new meta-analysis and retrospective follow-up programs). The purpose of this review is to summarize the knowledge about testicular microlithiasis and discuss the latest recommendations.Material and methodsA comprehensive literature review was performed using Science Direct and Scopus with MeSH terms and keywords 'testicular microlithiasis', testicular tumor', male infertility'.ResultsThe clinical consequences of testicular microlithiasis depend on the co-occurrence of specific risk factors. The presence of testicular microlithiasis alone in the absence of risk factors is not an indication for further investigation.ConclusionsA link between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer as well as male infertility has been analyzed. Follow-up is only recommended where risk factors of testicular cancer other than testicular microlithiasis are present.

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Testicular Microlithiasis: Patient Compliance in a Two-Year Follow-Up Program

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Association between risk factors and testicular microlithiasis

Association between risk factors and testicular microlithiasis

Testicular microlithiasis is associated with ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Testicular microlithiasis: what urologists should know. A review of the current literature

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