Testicular tumors in 190 dogs: clinical, macroscopic and histopathological aspects

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and clinical, macroscopic and histopathological aspects of dogs affected by testicular tumors based on biopsy specimens from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) over 19 years. Parameters regarding the age, size, and breed of the affected dogs were also established. Of all dogs with some type of neoplasm submitted to histopathological analysis at the LPV over these 19 years (n=1,900), 213 (11.2%) had at least one testicular neoplasm. The tissues of 190 dogs (with 220 neoplasms) were available for histological reassessment. The dogs in this study had different types of testicular tumors with relatively similar frequencies. In descending order, the most frequent testicular neoplasms were seminomas (88/220), Leydig (interstitial) cell tumor (LCT; 64/220), Sertoli cell tumor (SCT; 61/220), and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor (MGSCT) (07/220). Among the dogs of defined breed (119 cases), large breeds had the largest number of cases (50/119), followed by small (47/119) and medium-sized (22/119) breeds. The ages of dogs affected by testicular tumors ranged from 10 months to 18 years. Increased testicular volume was the most common clinical manifestation. Eleven dogs presented information about clinical signs suggestive of hyperestrogenism syndrome (feminization). In seminomas, the diffuse pattern predominated over the intratubular pattern. Two sites (luminal and basal compartments) suggestive of the onset of neoplastic transformations in germ cells were observed in intratubular seminomas. They corroborate the hypothesis that canine seminomas possibly have pathogenesis similar to that observed in human spermatocytic seminomas. The SCTs and LCTs presented high cell morphology variation. SCTs had neoplastic cells organized in five different histological arrangements. As for LCT, solid-diffuse and cystic-vascular histological patterns were the most commonly observed. Through this study, it was possible to establish some of the leading clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects of testicular neoplasms diagnosed over 19 years in the area covered by the LPV-UFSM.

Canine testicular tumors: An 11-year retrospective study of 358 cases in Moscow Region, Russia

“…Cryptorchidism and age are the main predisposing factors for the development of canine testicular tumors [2,6]. The mean age of dogs with testicular neoplasms is about 10 years [1,[7][8][9][10][11]. Several studies have shown breed predisposition for testicular tumors, particularly in Sheltie, Collie, Boxer, German Shepherd, Fox Terriers, Afghan Hounds, and Norwegian Elkhounds [8,9,12].…”

“…[3,5,[14][15][16]. The most common types of canine testicular tumors are interstitial cell tumors, seminoma, and Sertoli cell tumors; however, the incidence of these neoplasms varies among studies [7,9,10,12]. To the best of our knowledge, retrospective studies with a large sample size describing epidemiologic data on canine testicular tumors in Russia have not been published.…”

Testosterone/Estradiol Ratio in a Dog with Sertoli Cell Tumor-Seminoma Combination

“…It is uncommon for more than one type of testicular tumor to develop in the same testicle. There have been previous reports of more than one type of testicular neoplasm occurs in 8.4% (16/190), the most common combination of tumors SEM-ICT, followed by SEM-SCT and SCT-ICT (9). Our patient had tumors in both testicles, and one testis had developed more than one type of testicular tumor.…”

“…The prevalence of testicular tumors varies from 11.2% to 27% in male dogs, with a higher incidence in the presence of cryptorchidism (1,9). Although the incidence of tumors varies among studies, SEMs and ICTs occur frequently, and SCTs and mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal cell tumors occur less frequently (1,6,9). SCTs are the uncommon in dogs, but in dogs with cryptorchidism they are the most common tumors to develop (4).…”

Characterization of Testicular Tumor Lesions in Dogs by Different Ultrasound Techniques

“…We focused our attention on breeding dogs to evaluate the possibility of preserving their fertility. In addition, an early diagnosis of a testicular tumor can also reduce the risk of metastasis, even if that occurs less frequently in dogs than humans [ 23 ].…”