Testicular ultrasonography after chemotherapy for germ cell neoplasm: Significance of highly hyperechoic lesions

Kopecky, Kenyon K.; Brendle, Michael T.; Harman, Jon T.; Foster, Richard S.; Bihrle, Richard; Loehrer, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/0090-4295(92)90258-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Black asterisk: the zinc fingers that directly bind to the GATA‐type zinc finger; red asterisk: the zinc fingers capable of mediating binding to GATA‐4 (7); yellow horizontal rectangle: repression domain (aa 1–247) (7); orange and green horizontal rectangles: PDLS (CtBP‐2 binding domain; aa 809–852) (5) and RKRRK (nuclear localization signal; aa 736–740). The hypothetical truncated protein retains the N‐terminal repression domain (the first 12 amino acids within the FOG protein) that is necessary and sufficient to mediate transcriptional repression activity (7–36), whereas it loses all of the zinc finger domains and conserved sequence motifs interacting with GATA family members or other transcriptional cofactors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical evaluation revealed small firm bilateral testes, and a subsequent ultrasound examination showed hypotrophic right (volume 0.9 ml) and left testicles (volume 1.2 ml). The echostructure of both testes was quite homogeneous but multiple highly hyperechoic lesions were visible in the cranial part of the left testicle and in the whole right testis, compatible with possible initial fibrosis (25). It was decided to postpone testicular biopsy and semen analysis because of the patient's young age and parents' wish but he underwent a short HCG stimulation test to evaluate his Leydig cell reserve.…”

Section: Patient and Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Disruption of Friend of GATA 2 gene (FOG‐2) by a de novo t(8;10) chromosomal translocation is associated with heart defects and gonadal dysgenesis

Finelli

Pincelli²,

Russo

et al. 2007

Clinical Genetics

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FOG-2 (Friend of GATA 2) is a transcriptional cofactor able to differentially regulate the expression of GATA-target genes in different promoter contexts. Mouse models evidenced that FOG-2 plays a role in congenital heart disease and normal testis development. In human, while FOG-2 mutations have been identified in sporadic cases of tetralogy of Fallot, no mutations are described to be associated with impaired gonadal function. We here describe a young boy with a balanced t(8;10)(q23.1;q21.1) translocation who was born with congenital secundum-type atrial septal defect and gonadal dysgenesis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped the chromosome 8 translocation breakpoint (bkp) to within the IVS4 of the FOG-2 gene, whereas the chromosome 10 bkp was found to lie in a desert gene region. Quantitative analysis of FOG-2 expression revealed the presence of a truncated transcript but there was no detectable change in the expression of the genes flanking the 10q bkp, thus making it possible to assign the observed clinical phenotype to altered FOG-2 expression. Genetic and clinical analyses provide insights into the signaling pathways by which FOG-2 affects not only cardiac development but also gonadal function and its preservation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patient and Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disruption of Friend of GATA 2 gene (FOG‐2) by a de novo t(8;10) chromosomal translocation is associated with heart defects and gonadal dysgenesis

Finelli

Pincelli²,

Russo

et al. 2007

Clinical Genetics

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“…A study by Kopecky et al [28], where postchemotherapy an ultrasound examination was performed, showed correlation of ultrasound with pathological examination. Whether this approach will be useful for patients with pure seminoma, where a teratomous component is very rare, is yet to be studied.…”

Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ecancermedicalscience

Reddy¹,

Sivakanth

Babu³

et al.

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A germ-cell tumour (GCT) of the testis is a chemosensitive tumour with high cure rates even in advanced disease. Radical inguinal orchiectomy is the initial procedure used to diagnose it which helps to risk-stratify these patients. However, in patients with life-threatening metastases, primary chemotherapy was attempted in a few studies, followed by delayed orchiectomy. The aim of this review is to study the histopathological findings of delayed orchiectomy and the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) specimens, to assess difference and concordance in response rates in histological types of GCTs in pathological specimens. Overall, 352 patients received initial chemotherapy followed by orchiectomy, and 235 of them had undergone RPLND. Delayed orchiectomy specimens had viable tumour in 74 (21%) patients, scarring/necrosis in 171 patients (48.5%), and teratoma in 107 (30.3%) patients. RPLND specimens had residual disease in 36 (15.3%) patients, scarring/necrosis in 100 patients (42.5%), and teratoma in 99 patients (42.3%). Patients with seminoma who underwent delayed orchiectomy had complete disappearance of tumour in 81.3% of cases, and in non-seminomatous GCT, it was 43.4%. These results raise the question of the existence of a blood–testis barrier in patients with advanced GCT and argue against the testis as a sanctuary site.

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Orchiectomy after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic testicular cancer. Is it indicated?

Simmonds

Mead

Lee

et al. 1995

Cancer

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Background. A small proportion of patients with testicular germ cell tumors present with widely metastatic disease and are treated initially with chemotherapy. Little is known about the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in eradicating the primary testicular germ cell cancer; however, there is concern that the testis may act as a sanctuary site for germ cell cancer in these patients, and orchiectomy, is, therefore, recommended after chemotherapy. Methods. The results from a clinical and pathologic review of 24 patients who underwent delayed orchiectomy after chemotherapy are presented. The testicular pathologic findings are correlated with those in extragonadal masses and also with a blinded review of postchemotherapy testicular ultrasound scans. Results. The most common testicular pathological finding was a dense fibrous scar that was found in all patients. Three patients had persistent testicular germ cell cancer, six had mature teratoma, and one had carcinoma in situ. There was a strong concordance between the major testicular pathologic findings and those in the resected extragonadal masses. All three patients with persistent testicular germ cell cancer subsequently had disease progression in the extragonadal sites. Testicular ultrasound examination did not distinguish accurately between residual tumor or scar in the testis. Conclusion. Persistence of the primary testicular germ cell cancer is most likely due to the same heterogeneous response to chemotherapy observed in different metastatic sites. Because current imaging techniques cannot identify accurately those patients with residual testicular germ cell cancer or related testicular abnormalities that may predispose to subsequent relapse, orchiectomy after chemotherapy remains appropriate. Cancer 1995;75:1018‐24.

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Testicular ultrasonography after chemotherapy for germ cell neoplasm: Significance of highly hyperechoic lesions

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Disruption of Friend of GATA 2 gene (FOG‐2) by a de novo t(8;10) chromosomal translocation is associated with heart defects and gonadal dysgenesis

Disruption of Friend of GATA 2 gene (FOG‐2) by a de novo t(8;10) chromosomal translocation is associated with heart defects and gonadal dysgenesis

ecancermedicalscience

Orchiectomy after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic testicular cancer. Is it indicated?

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