Abstract:Aim To infer the timing of the early divergence of the freshwater arowana genus Scleropages and to determine whether it was contemporary with, or postdated, the latest possible freshwater route between Sundaland-Indochina and Australia-New Guinea through the drifting of India, estimated at a minimum of 115.0 Ma.Location Sundaland-Indochina and Australia-New Guinea.Methods Time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstructions based on the mitogenome, a Bayesian method and a relaxed molecular clock, differing in how foss… Show more
“…The crown of Osteoglossinae is represented in our analysis (i.e., divergence of silver and Asian arowana, which each retain an ortholog of the three Mb paralogs; fig. 2) and dates to ∼90 to 110 Ma (Lavoué 2015). Thus, the triplicate Mb paralogs of arowana have an ancient origin within Osteoglossidae (expanded in next section), though it remains to be established whether they exist in Arapaiminae (i.e., arapaima spp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, the triplicate Mb paralogs of arowana have an ancient origin within Osteoglossidae (expanded in next section), though it remains to be established whether they exist in Arapaiminae (i.e., arapaima spp. ), the other subfamily of Osteoglossidae that split from Osteoglossinae ∼140 Ma (Lavoué 2015). Fig .…”
The globin gene family encodes oxygen-binding hemeproteins conserved across the major branches of multicellular life. The origins and evolutionary histories of complete globin repertoires have been established for many vertebrates, but there remain major knowledge gaps for ray-finned fish. Therefore, we used phylogenetic, comparative genomic and gene expression analyses to discover and characterize canonical “non-blood” globin family members (i.e., myoglobin, cytoglobin, neuroglobin, globin-X, and globin-Y) across multiple ray-finned fish lineages, revealing novel gene duplicates (paralogs) conserved from whole genome duplication (WGD) and small-scale duplication events. Our key findings were that: (1) globin-X paralogs in teleosts have been retained from the teleost-specific WGD, (2) functional paralogs of cytoglobin, neuroglobin, and globin-X, but not myoglobin, have been conserved from the salmonid-specific WGD, (3) triplicate lineage-specific myoglobin paralogs are conserved in arowanas (Osteoglossiformes), which arose by tandem duplication and diverged under positive selection, (4) globin-Y is retained in multiple early branching fish lineages that diverged before teleosts, and (5) marked variation in tissue-specific expression of globin gene repertoires exists across ray-finned fish evolution, including several previously uncharacterized sites of expression. In this respect, our data provide an interesting link between myoglobin expression and the evolution of air breathing in teleosts. Together, our findings demonstrate great-unrecognized diversity in the repertoire and expression of nonblood globins that has arisen during ray-finned fish evolution.
“…The crown of Osteoglossinae is represented in our analysis (i.e., divergence of silver and Asian arowana, which each retain an ortholog of the three Mb paralogs; fig. 2) and dates to ∼90 to 110 Ma (Lavoué 2015). Thus, the triplicate Mb paralogs of arowana have an ancient origin within Osteoglossidae (expanded in next section), though it remains to be established whether they exist in Arapaiminae (i.e., arapaima spp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, the triplicate Mb paralogs of arowana have an ancient origin within Osteoglossidae (expanded in next section), though it remains to be established whether they exist in Arapaiminae (i.e., arapaima spp. ), the other subfamily of Osteoglossidae that split from Osteoglossinae ∼140 Ma (Lavoué 2015). Fig .…”
The globin gene family encodes oxygen-binding hemeproteins conserved across the major branches of multicellular life. The origins and evolutionary histories of complete globin repertoires have been established for many vertebrates, but there remain major knowledge gaps for ray-finned fish. Therefore, we used phylogenetic, comparative genomic and gene expression analyses to discover and characterize canonical “non-blood” globin family members (i.e., myoglobin, cytoglobin, neuroglobin, globin-X, and globin-Y) across multiple ray-finned fish lineages, revealing novel gene duplicates (paralogs) conserved from whole genome duplication (WGD) and small-scale duplication events. Our key findings were that: (1) globin-X paralogs in teleosts have been retained from the teleost-specific WGD, (2) functional paralogs of cytoglobin, neuroglobin, and globin-X, but not myoglobin, have been conserved from the salmonid-specific WGD, (3) triplicate lineage-specific myoglobin paralogs are conserved in arowanas (Osteoglossiformes), which arose by tandem duplication and diverged under positive selection, (4) globin-Y is retained in multiple early branching fish lineages that diverged before teleosts, and (5) marked variation in tissue-specific expression of globin gene repertoires exists across ray-finned fish evolution, including several previously uncharacterized sites of expression. In this respect, our data provide an interesting link between myoglobin expression and the evolution of air breathing in teleosts. Together, our findings demonstrate great-unrecognized diversity in the repertoire and expression of nonblood globins that has arisen during ray-finned fish evolution.
“…Inoue et al (2009) examined the phylogeny of Notopteridae to test biogeographical hypotheses relative to their distribution. Lavoué (2015) specifically tested some biogeographical hypotheses relative to the distribution of the trans-Wallace's Line distributed genus Scleropages in reconstructing the phylogeny of this genus within the Osteoglossidae. Feulner et al (2007), Sullivan et al (2004) and Arnegard et al (2010) examined the speciation process within genera of African weakly electric fishes.…”
Section: Molecular Systematics Of Osteoglossomorph Fishesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, they have a rich fossil record (including several marine forms) dating back to the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous ( †Paralycoptera, Tse et al, 2015) and, therefore, they are considered to be one of the oldest living freshwater teleost lineages. The distribution of Osteoglossomorpha was either discussed as a whole (Nelson, 1969;Taverne, 1979;Li, 1997;Wilson, Murray, 2008) or in part: e.g., Arapaima/Heterotis (Lundberg, Chernoff, 1992), Notopteridae (Inoue et al, 2009), Osteoglossidae (Bonde, 1996;Forey, Hilton, 2010), Oriental Scleropages/Australian Scleropages (Darlington, 1957;de Beaufort, 1964;Lavoué, 2015). Sometimes, the distribution of Osteoglossomorpha was part of a more general discussion on the biogeographical relationships of continental regions, such as Neotropics versus Afrotropics (Cracraft, 1974;Lundberg, 1993), Neotropics versus Australia (Cracraft, 1974) or the Gondwanan breakup (Cavin, 2008;Lavoué, 2016;Nelson, Ladiges, 2001;Patterson, 1975).…”
Section: Molecular Systematics Of Osteoglossomorph Fishesmentioning
The bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha, have been the focus of a great deal of morphological, systematic, and evolutionary study, due in part to their basal position among extant teleostean fishes. This group includes the mooneyes (Hiodontidae), knifefishes (Notopteridae), the abu (Gymnarchidae), elephantfishes (Mormyridae), arawanas and pirarucu (Osteoglossidae), and the African butterfly fish (Pantodontidae). This morphologically heterogeneous group also has a long and diverse fossil record, including taxa from all continents and both freshwater and marine deposits. The phylogenetic relationships among most extant osteoglossomorph families are widely agreed upon. However, there is still much to discover about the systematic biology of these fishes, particularly with regard to the phylogenetic affinities of several fossil taxa, within Mormyridae, and the position of Pantodon. In this paper we review the state of knowledge for osteoglossomorph fishes. We first provide an overview of the diversity of Osteoglossomorpha, and then discuss studies of the phylogeny of Osteoglossomorpha from both morphological and molecular perspectives, as well as biogeographic analyses of the group. Finally, we offer our perspectives on future needs for research on the systematic biology of Osteoglossomorpha.
“…Previous molecular phylogenetic studies of osteoglossids were based on mitochondrial, and few nuclear markers [6,15,16,17]. These studies indicated that Osteoglossum and Scleropages were sister groups and that the same also applied for the relationship between S. formosus and Australian Scleropages .…”
Arowanas (Osteoglossinae) are charismatic freshwater fishes with six species and two genera (Osteoglossum and Scleropages) distributed in South America, Asia, and Australia. In an attempt to provide a better assessment of the processes shaping their evolution, we employed a set of cytogenetic and genomic approaches, including i) molecular cytogenetic analyses using C- and CMA3/DAPI staining, repetitive DNA mapping, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and Zoo-FISH, along with ii) the genotypic analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by diversity array technology sequencing (DArTseq). We observed diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 56 and 54 in O. bicirrhosum and O. ferreirai, respectively, and 2n = 50 in S. formosus, while S. jardinii and S. leichardti presented 2n = 48 and 44, respectively. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree revealed that Osteoglossum and Scleropages divergence occurred approximately 50 million years ago (MYA), at the time of the final separation of Australia and South America (with Antarctica). Asian S. formosus and Australian Scleropages diverged about 35.5 MYA, substantially after the latest terrestrial connection between Australia and Southeast Asia through the Indian plate movement. Our combined data provided a comprehensive perspective of the cytogenomic diversity and evolution of arowana species on a timescale.
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