Testing and performance of electrolytic oxygen meters for use in liquid sodium

Taylor, R.G.; Thompson, Robert Clayton

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(83)90339-2

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…in the fluorite-type structure of ThO2 produces oxygen vacancies which turns the ceramic into an ionic conductor. Thoria is much less sensitive to sodium corrosion compared to zirconia, which was also frequently used in oxygen sensors [4]. Finally, one can achieve highly dense fine grains and high purity ceramic which is generally required to resist to sodium corrosion and mechanical stress [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Gabard

Cherkaski

Clavier

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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The preparation of Th1-xYxO2-x/2 ceramics, to be used as electrolyte in oxygen sensors for sodium-cooled nuclear reactors, was successfully undertaken from oxalate precursors. Such method was found to provide quantitative precipitation of the cations into Th1-xYx(C2O4)2.2H2O solid solutions up to x = 0.15 while a polyphase system was obtained for x = 0.22. The corresponding oxides were obtained through heat treatment in air at 500°C and characterized by the means of PXRD, SEM and statistical X-EDS measurements. The conditions for the densification of Th1-xYxO2-x/2 ceramics were further determined by dilatometry (T = 1575°C, t = 8 hours) resulting in densification rates up to 99%. Finally, a first estimation of the electric properties of the solids was undertaken by impedance spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity was found to increase linearly with the incorporation of Y 3+ content while the associated values of activation energy decreased, with a minimum value of 1.1 eV for Th0.85Y0.15O1.925.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttriumdoped ThO 2 for oxygen sensors applications M. Gabard 1,2,3 , Y. Cherkaski 1,4 , N.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Gabard

Cherkaski

Clavier

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…[6] Indeed, the incorporation of Y 3 + in the fluorite-type structure of ThO 2 (space group Fm3m) produces oxygen vacanciesw hich turns the ceramic into an ionic conductor [7] while doped thoria was generally reported to be much less sensitivet os odium corrosion comparedt o zirconia. [8] It is thus interesting to study new ways of preparation fort hese mixed oxides, but also to evaluatet heir ability to sinter in order to optimize their processing as ac eramic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Direct Sintering of Nanosized (M^IV,M^III)O_2‐x Hydrated Oxides as Electrolyte Ceramics

et al. 2017

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Highly reactive and nanosized Th1‐xYxO2‐x/2 or Ce0.8Ln0.2O1.9 mixed oxides were prepared through the initial precipitation of hydroxide precursors which were further dried under vacuum. Whatever the chemical system investigated, the characterization of the powdered samples evidenced a rapid aging process leading to hydrated oxides. The thermal behavior of these samples was further investigated and first showed a two‐step dehydration process, with the successive departure of adsorbed and constitutive water, both yielding a drastic drop of the powders’ reactivity (i.e. decrease of the specific surface area). Sintering experiments were then undertaken by starting directly from raw powders and revealed very rapid densification kinetics. Highly densified pellets (above 95 %TD) with a fine grain microstructure were obtained after only 1 hour of heat treatment at 1600 °C. This easy and versatile process of precipitation, that can be followed by direct densification of the powders, then appears as a promising option for the elaboration of homogenous ceramic electrolytes.

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“…Ceramic oxides are envisaged for monitoring the dissolved oxygen content of the liquid metal (oxygen sensor: ThO2-, HfO2-and ZrO2-based electrolytes). Alumina and zirconia are envisaged for protecting the core catcher structure and ease the spreading of the molten core material (corium) in severe accident situations with core material relocation [2][3][4][5]. Both applications require that the ceramics material be compatible with the liquid metal in conditions and durations corresponding to the application: 250 to 400 °C for low duration (1000 h at least) for sensors, and 400 °C for 60 years for the core catcher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Crystal and Sintered Alumina Corrosion in Liquid Sodium

et al. 2017

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Corrosion tests are achieved in static conditions at 450 and 550 °C for various oxygen contents and durations with single crystal and sintered alumina regarded as model materials for ceramics. Extremely pure and dense sintered alumina presents no intergranular corrosion and identical behavior as single crystal. Corrosion appears to proceed by reaction of Al2O3 with dissolved oxygen (Na2O) to form sodium aluminate (NaAlO2). Then, sodium aluminate is dissolved in liquid sodium upon a mechanism still to be elucidated. The corrosion morphology is equivalent to dissolution. From weight loss measurement, linear kinetics is found with a constant dissolution rate of (61 ± 2).10 -4 mg.dm -2 .h -1 at 550°C and low oxygen content (<1 ppm). No significant corrosion rate could be measured at 450°C and low oxygen content. An order reaction kinetics with respect to dissolved oxygen content of 0.6 ± 0.2 is found.

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Testing and performance of electrolytic oxygen meters for use in liquid sodium

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Synthesis and Direct Sintering of Nanosized (M^IV,M^III)O_2‐x Hydrated Oxides as Electrolyte Ceramics

Single Crystal and Sintered Alumina Corrosion in Liquid Sodium

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Testing and performance of electrolytic oxygen meters for use in liquid sodium

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Preparation, characterization and sintering of yttrium-doped ThO2 for oxygen sensors applications

Synthesis and Direct Sintering of Nanosized (MIV,MIII)O2‐x Hydrated Oxides as Electrolyte Ceramics

Single Crystal and Sintered Alumina Corrosion in Liquid Sodium

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Synthesis and Direct Sintering of Nanosized (M^IV,M^III)O_2‐x Hydrated Oxides as Electrolyte Ceramics