Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start?

Cattò, Cristina; Cappitelli, Francesca

doi:10.3390/ijms20153794

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 393 publications

(495 reference statements)

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“…This method counts the CFUs originated after detachment of the biofilm by sonication instead of other indirect methods commonly used, e.g. the resazurin assay that assess the metabolic activity of bacteria in biofilms [ 38 ] or the canonical crystal violet assay that stains the extracellular matrix [ 38 ]. This last method cannot be used here due to the heteropolysaccharidic nature of the polymer used to generate the CyanoCoating [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Cyanobacterial Polymer-Based Coating as a Preventive Strategy to Avoid Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

et al. 2020

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent about 40% of all healthcare-associated infections. Herein, the authors report the further development of an infection preventive anti-adhesive coating (CyanoCoating) meant for urinary catheters, and based on a natural polymer released by a marine cyanobacterium. CyanoCoating performance was assessed against relevant CAUTI etiological agents, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans in the presence of culture medium or artificial urine, and under biofilm promoting settings. CyanoCoating displayed a broad anti-adhesive efficiency against all the uropathogens tested (68–95%), even in the presence of artificial urine (58–100%) with exception of P. mirabilis in the latter condition. Under biofilm-promoting settings, CyanoCoating reduced biofilm formation by E. coli, P. mirabilis, and C. albicans (30–60%). In addition, CyanoCoating prevented large crystals encrustation, and its sterilization with ethylene oxide did not impact the coating stability. Therefore, CyanoCoating constitutes a step forward for the implementation of antibiotic-free alternative strategies to fight CAUTIs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Cyanobacterial Polymer-Based Coating as a Preventive Strategy to Avoid Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

et al. 2020

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“…Even though we are facing here exciting results, more studies are needed to understand better what signals trigger biofilm development over the dental materials in vivo and to learn how to extrapolate these signals to the in vitro environment (Velsko and Shaddox, 2018). As limitations, many of the influencing factors for the robust growth of patient's isolates derived biofilms are difficult to control in the laboratory setting (Papadimitriou et al, 2016;Cattò and Cappitelli, 2019). As we have done here, researchers often characterize dental plaquederived microcosm biofilms and make the assumption that they are representative of the entire microbiome of the root caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced Effect of Antibacterial Bioactive Dental Composite on Microcosm Biofilms Derived From Patients With Root Carious Lesions

et al. 2020

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Resin composites are the material of choice for dental restorative treatment in oral health care. However, the inherent composition of this class of material commonly results in microbial adherence and colonization, which carries the potential risk of recurrent carious lesions around dental restorations. The high risk of resin composites failure complicates the treatment of root caries, defined as the onset of tooth decay over the prone root surface of a tooth. The restorative treatment of root caries among high caries risk individuals, especially for senior patients, is a challenging, painful, and costly. The dysbiotic microbiota colonizes the composite’s surfaces and forms polymicrobial biofilms that are difficult to be dislodged by regular tooth brushing. This study assesses the antibiofilm performance of a surface contact killing antibacterial dental resin composites on the growth of microcosm biofilms using dental plaque sampled from patients with active root carious lesions as an inoculum. The designed formulations contain dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), a tailored quaternary ammonium monomer with an alkyl chain length of 16, at 3–5 wt.% in a base resin with and without 20 wt.% nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Biofilms were grown on the tested resin composites using a 48 h plaque-derived microcosm biofilm model. Dental plaque collected from active root carious lesions was used as an inoculum to emulate the microbiota present in those lesions. The biofilm growth was assessed via the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts in four culture media, metabolic behavior, lactic acid production, and confocal microscopy. The percentage of reacted double bonds of the formulations was also investigated. The dental resin composites formulated with 3–5 wt.% DMAHDM and 20 wt.% NACP were effective at eradicating surface-attached biofilms from the total microbial load and each relevant cariogenic group: total streptococci, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli. The metabolic activities and lactic acid production of the plaque-derived microcosm biofilms were reduced by 80–95%, respectively. Fewer viable microorganisms were observed over resin composites containing DMAHDM and NACP. Besides, all the experimental formulations demonstrated an acceptable degree of conversion values. This new strategy fits with ongoing dental caries preventive and minimally invasive approaches by preventing biofilm growth over-restored carious root lesions and improving the lifespan of dental restorations.

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“…Material surfaces play a vital role in microbial attachment and propagation, still they are quite often neglected, and only a few guidelines and microbiological assessment protocols are available [29]. To overcome the problem of surface contamination, new strategies are being developed and used for surface modification and functionalization [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Susceptibility of Catheter Biomaterials to Biofilm-Associated Infections and Their Remedy by Drug-Encapsulated Eudragit RL100 Nanoparticles

Pandey

Srivastava

Ajmal

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Biofilms are the cause of major bacteriological infections in patients. The complex architecture of Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm attached to the surface of catheters has been studied and found to depend on the biomaterial’s surface properties. The SEM micrographs and water contact angle analysis have revealed that the nature of the surface affects the growth and extent of E. coli biofilm formation. In vitro studies have revealed that the Gram-negative E. coli adherence to implanted biomaterials takes place in accordance with hydrophobicity, i.e., latex > silicone > polyurethane > stainless steel. Permanent removal of E. coli biofilm requires 50 to 200 times more gentamicin sulfate (G-S) than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to remove 90% of E. coli biofilm (MBIC90). Here, in vitro eradication of biofilm-associated infection on biomaterials has been done by Eudragit RL100 encapsulated gentamicin sulfate (E-G-S) nanoparticle of range 140 nm. It is 10–20 times more effective against E. coli biofilm-associated infections eradication than normal unentrapped G-S. Thus, Eudragit RL100 mediated drug delivery system provides a promising way to reduce the cost of treatment with a higher drug therapeutic index.

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Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start?

Cited by 50 publications

References 393 publications

Natural Cyanobacterial Polymer-Based Coating as a Preventive Strategy to Avoid Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Natural Cyanobacterial Polymer-Based Coating as a Preventive Strategy to Avoid Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Pronounced Effect of Antibacterial Bioactive Dental Composite on Microcosm Biofilms Derived From Patients With Root Carious Lesions

Differential Susceptibility of Catheter Biomaterials to Biofilm-Associated Infections and Their Remedy by Drug-Encapsulated Eudragit RL100 Nanoparticles

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