2013
DOI: 10.1037/pmu0000018
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Testing cognitive theories by creating a pattern-based probabilistic algorithm for melody and rhythm in jazz improvisation.

Abstract: Building on previous work, which suggests that jazz improvisers insert patterns stored in procedural memory, a probabiMstIc model based on patterns from a corpus of Charlie Parker solos was developed and implemented. In previous analysis, patterns were detected in the corpus in significant proportions; however, the results of a parallel control situation showed minimal patterns. The control improvisation was generated by software based on grammars and contours, coincident with the cognitive position that empha… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Several innovative methods have already been developed to study improvisation behaviorally (e.g., Goldman, 2013;Norgaard, 2011Norgaard, , 2014Norgaard et al, 2013). Improvisation researchers would also benefit from embracing new and emerging methods in cognitive neuroscience.…”
Section: Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Several innovative methods have already been developed to study improvisation behaviorally (e.g., Goldman, 2013;Norgaard, 2011Norgaard, , 2014Norgaard et al, 2013). Improvisation researchers would also benefit from embracing new and emerging methods in cognitive neuroscience.…”
Section: Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Through the practice of improvisation, a database of schemes and motor programs is developed that can be used during a performance. Preformed structures stored in procedural memory are inserted during improvisation ( Norgaard et al, 2013 ). Improvisation is acted on in real-time, and all of the actions require information processing, which can be coordinated and accelerated to obtain a fluent performance.…”
Section: Psychological Models Of Musical Improvisationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given that improvisation relies on real-time composition comprising uninterrupted, serial music making under strict time constraints [ 35 ], it provides a highly reliable manifestation of the bebop style as it is cognitively represented. Whereas previous studies have emphasised productive aspects with the explicit aim of modelling the cognitive processes underlying improvisation [ 35 , 40 , 41 , 50 – 52 ], less is known about expert perception of such stimuli. Most probably, listening to improvised bebop solos requires highly specialised stylistic expertise while circumventing dichotomous expectations arising from veridical knowledge.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four specific aspects of IDyOM enable us to acknowledge and capitalise upon previous findings while maintaining cognitive plausibility. First, successful replications of the bebop style from its inherent probabilistic properties [ 50 – 52 , 54 ] call for the use of unsupervised statistical learning as implemented in IDyOM. Next, whereas previous studies have modelled bebop improvisation with zeroth-order [ 54 ] or higher-order, conditional statistics [ 50 , 52 ], IDyOM accomplishes even greater predictive power by optimally combining Markov models of variable context lengths [ 53 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%