Testing Commercial Catalysts in Recycle Reactors

Berty, J.M.

doi:10.1080/03602457908065106

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The mathematical equivalence of equation 13 above with the CSTR equation (equation 2) is immetliately apparent, and demonstrates that at high recycle ratios, the recycle reactor behaves like an ideal, perfectly stirred reactor (CSTR). It has been shown that the recycle ratio (qjF) should be greater than about 25 for this condition to be satisfied [115], [116]. The high flow rate and differential operation ensures that gradients of temperature and concentration in the catalyst bed will be insignificant.…”

Section: B) Differential Reactors With Recyclementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Gradients of concentration and temperature are therefore effectively eliminated, and such reactors are consequently referred to as "gradientless". Berty has discussed the advantages and uses of recycle reactors for catalyst testing [115].…”

Section: B) Differential Reactors With Recyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perfect fluid phase mixing can usually be assured under most conditions, except perhaps for situations where high temperatures and low pressures are employed. Some reactor modifications appropriate to various studies have been described [115]. In order to operate at higher temperatures and pressures Mahoney and associates [122], [123] have modified the reactor by replacing the original Teflon bearing by two bearings made from a Teflonimpregnated ceramic, which were cooled by means of a cooling jacket (current commercial versions of the Berty reactor provide for water cooling of the stirrer bearings).…”

Section: Internal Recycle Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mass and heat transfer, fluid dynamics) to an accuracy acceptable for the scale-up to commercial or demonstration reactors [5], [6], [7]. Thus, relatively few pilot plants are now built solely for the purpose of gathering design data [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Scale Laboratory Reactors

Pratt

1987

Catalysis

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Section: B) Differential Reactors With Recyclementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: B) Differential Reactors With Recyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Internal Recycle Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Scale Laboratory Reactors

Pratt

1987

Catalysis

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“…They are usually performed in special laboratory reactors. These have received much attention in literature, see, for example, Carberry (1964), Mahoney (1974), Berty (1974Berty ( , 1979Berty ( , 1984, Weekman (1974), Doraiswamy and Tajbl(1974), and Christoffel (1982). In kinetic experiments, the measured reaction rates should not be disguised by mass-and/or heattransfer resistances; moreover, temperatures and concentrations at which the reactions take place must be known accurately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel reactor for determination of kinetics for solid catalyzed gas reactions

1994

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Catalyst Deactivation/Regeneration

Bartholomew

2002

Encyclopedia of Catalysis

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This article focuses on the causes, mechanisms, prevention, modeling, and treatment (experimental and theoretical) of deactivation. The causes of deactivation are basically of three kinds: chemical, mechanical, and thermal. The five intrinsic mechanisms of catalyst decay, ( 1 ) poisoning, ( 2 ) fouling, ( 3 ) thermal degradation, ( 4 ) chemical degradation, and ( 5 ) mechanical failure, vary in their reversibility and rates of occurrence. Poisoning and thermal degradation are generally slow, irreversible processes while fouling with coke and carbon is generally rapid and reversible by regeneration with O 2 or H 2 . Catalyst deactivation is more easily prevented than cured. Poisoning by impurities can be prevented through careful purification of reactants. Carbon deposition and coking can be prevented by minimizing the formation of carbon or coke precursors through gasification, careful design of catalysts and process conditions and by controlling reaction conditions to minimize effects of carbon and coke formation on activity. Sintering is best avoided by minimizing and controlling the temperature of reaction. Regeneration of deactivated catalysts is possible for many catalytic processes and is widely practiced. Modeling and experimental assessment of deactivation processes are useful in providing ( 1 ) accelerated simulations of industrial processes, ( 2 ) predictive insights into effects of changing process variables on activity, selectivity, and life, ( 3 ) estimates of kinetic parameters needed for design and modeling, ( 4 ) estimates of size and cost for scale‐up of a process, and ( 5 ) a better understanding of the basic decay mechanisms. Accordingly, there are important economic benefits that can be derived by from investments in these activities.

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Testing Commercial Catalysts in Recycle Reactors

Cited by 80 publications

References 4 publications

Small Scale Laboratory Reactors

Small Scale Laboratory Reactors

A novel reactor for determination of kinetics for solid catalyzed gas reactions

Catalyst Deactivation/Regeneration

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