Testing effects of vapor pressure deficit on fruit growth: a comparative approach using peach, mango, olive, orange, and loquat

Abstract

Determining the influence of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on fruit growth is a key issue under a changing climate scenario. Using a comparative approach across different fruit tree species may provide solid indications of common or contrasting plant responses to environmental factors. Knowing fruit growth responses to VPD may also be useful to optimize horticultural management practices under specific atmospheric conditions. Climate data to calculate VPD and fruit relative growth rates (RGR) by fruit gauges were monitored in peach at cell division, pit hardening and cell expansion stages; in two mango cultivars at cell division, cell expansion and maturation stages; in two olive cultivars, either full irrigated or rainfed, at early and late cell expansion stages; in ‘Valencia’ orange at early and late cell division stage, before and after mature fruit harvest; in loquat at cell expansion and maturation stages. At the fruit cell division stage, sensitivity of fruit growth to VPD seems to vary with species, time, and probably soil and atmospheric water deficit. ‘Keitt’ mango and ‘Valencia’ orange fruit growth responded to VPD in opposite ways, and this could be due to very different time of the year and VPD levels in the monitoring periods of the two species. At pit hardening stage of peach fruit growth, a relatively weak relationship was observed between VPD and RGR, and this is not surprising as fruit growth in size at this stage slows down significantly. A consistent and marked negative relationship between VPD and RGR was observed at cell expansion stage, when fruit growth is directly depending on water intake driving cell turgor. Another behavior common to all observed species was the gradual loss of relationship between VPD and RGR at the onset of fruit maturation, when fruit growth in size is generally programmed to stop. Finally, regardless of fruit type, VPD may have a significant effect on fruit growth and could be a useful parameter to be monitored for tree water management mainly when the cell expansion process prevails during fruit growth.

Continuous Plant-Based and Remote Sensing for Determination of Fruit Tree Water Status

“…Carella et al used fruit gauges to test the effect of the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on the fruit relative growth rate (RGR), by comparing data of peach, mango, loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ), olive, and orange [209].…”

A New Plant-Wearable Sap Flow Sensor Reveals the Dynamic Water Distribution during Watermelon Fruit Development

“…Studies have shown that fruit growth was influenced by plant transpiration [13,14]. Because all sap flow passing through the leaf stalks would evaporate into the air through the leaves, sap flow sensors installed on the leaf stalks could be used to study transpiration [15][16][17][18].…”