Testing Event Discrimination over Broad Regions using the Historical Borovoye Observatory Explosion Dataset

Pasyanos, Michael E.; Ford, S. R.; Walter, William R.

doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0591-4

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We can quantify the separation of the earthquake and explosion populations through the Mahalanobis distance (used in Hartse et al, 1998;Pasyanos et al, 2012a), a measure of separation of the means divided by a sum of the variances. A larger Mahalanobis distance indicates that the populations are more cleanly separated, giving better earthquake/explosion discrimination.…”

Section: Earthquake-explosion Discrimination and Event Analysis At Ntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of papers, we have developed the methodology using the Lg phase (Pasyanos et al, 2009a), extended the method to use amplitudes of the Pn, Pg, Sn, and Lg in a multiphase inversion method (Pasyanos et al, 2009b), then used the model in a series of applications including seismic discrimination between earthquakes and explosions (Pasyanos and Walter, 2009;Pasyanos et al, 2012a), moment magnitude estimation (Pasyanos, 2010), and in strong ground motion predictions for seismic hazard (Pasyanos, 2011). In a further extension of the model, we used the attenuation model in the analysis of the yield and depth of the 2006 and 2009 DPRK nuclear tests (Pasyanos et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Lithospheric Attenuation Model of North America

Pasyanos¹

2013

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Recent moderate-sized, but strongly-felt, earthquakes in eastern and central North America have highlighted the important role of the earth's attenuation structure in estimating and predicting local and regional ground motions. Over the past several years, we have been developing methods to use the amplitudes of regional phases Pn, Pg, Sn, and Lg to invert for the crust and upper mantle attenuation structure in Eurasia, and have recently started transporting the methodology to North America. We now have path coverage for most of North America, including Canada, the United States, Mexico, and portions of the Caribbean, with the best coverage in the United States. After describing the development of the model, we will discuss the results in the context of the tectonics of the region, most notably the large differences between western North America and areas east of the Rockies. We will then demonstrate the use of the model in a number of applications including estimating reliable moment magnitudes for the Wells, NV earthquake sequence, the use of the models in strong ground motion prediction for the Mineral, VA mainshock, and in both discriminating and estimating explosion characteristics (depth, yield) of events at the Nevada Test Site.2

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Section: Earthquake-explosion Discrimination and Event Analysis At Ntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lithospheric Attenuation Model of North America

Pasyanos¹

2013

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…The deglitched version is shown in red, in comparison with the glitched record shown in black. The quality of the deglitched data is high enough to enable detailed spectral analysis, and evaluation of methods of discrimination between earthquakes and explosions [24].…”

Section: Technical Approach To Deglitchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A digital seismogram archive of nuclear explosion signals, recorded at the Borovoye Geophysical Observatory, Kazakhstan, from 1966 to 1996

Ovtchinnikov

Kaazik

et al. 2015

GeoResJ

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a b s t r a c tSeismologists from Kazakhstan, Russia, and the United States have rescued the Soviet-era archive of nuclear explosion seismograms recorded at Borovoye in northern Kazakhstan during the period 1966-1996. The signals had been stored on about 8000 magnetic tapes, which were held at the recording observatory. After hundreds of man-years of work, these digital waveforms together with significant metadata are now available via the project URL, namely http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/Monitoring/Data/ as a modern open database, of use to diverse communities.Three different sets of recording systems were operated at Borovoye, each using several different seismometers and different gain levels. For some explosions, more than twenty different channels of data are available. A first data release, in 2001, contained numerous glitches and lacked many instrument responses, but could still be used for measuring accurate arrival times and for comparison of the strengths of different types of seismic waves. The project URL also links to our second major data release, for nuclear explosions in Eurasia recorded in Borovoye, in which the data have been deglitched, all instrument responses have been included, and recording systems are described in detail.This second dataset consists of more than 3700 waveforms (digital seismograms) from almost 500 nuclear explosions in Eurasia, many of them recorded at regional distances. It is important as a training set for the development and evaluation of seismological methods of discriminating between earthquakes and underground explosions, and can be used for assessment of three-dimensional models of the Earth's interior structure.

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“…Figure 15 shows the measured three-component P/S ratios plotted against epicentral distance. In cases where high frequencies are significantly attenuated, there can be a distance dependence in the ratio and it may then be useful to make a correction to the observed spectral ratio (as done for example by Kim et al, 1997;Hartse et al, 1998;Walter and Taylor 2001;Taylor et al, 2002;Pasyanos and Walter 2009;and Pasyanos et al, 2012), to account for the fact that the denominator (based on S-wave data) may attenuate with distance differently from the numerator (based on P), but we have not made a correction for distance, because earthquakes and explosions in the 150-550 km distance range show no clear distance dependence of the ratios, and the training set data have comparable distance ranges and are tightly distributed. The 12 earthquake events have an average epicentral Figure 12.…”

Section: Classification Of Known Underground Nuclear Tests and The CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Seismic Event, 12 May 2010, in North Korea

Kim

Richards

Schaff

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We assess seismological evidence bearing on claims that North Korea conducted a small nuclear test on 12 May 2010 in the vicinity of known underground nuclear tests (UNTs) in 2006, 2009, 2013, and 2016. First, we use Lg-wave cross correlation and more traditional methods to locate the 2010 event between about 4 and 10 km southwest of the 2009 test. Second, we compare the relative sizes of regional P and S waves, using stations within 400 km of the known North Korean nuclear tests, to assess the nature of the event. We measured P/S ratios at different frequencies, at first using data from the open station MDJ in northeast China, for training sets of earthquakes and of explosions. We developed a linear discriminant function (LDF) that, in application to P/S measured at MDJ, is most effective in separating the earthquake and explosion populations. MDJ lacks usable data for the event of interest, but we obtained regional data from stations of the nearby Dongbei Broadband Seismographic Network (DBSN) for the 12 May 2010 event and for nearby UNTs conducted in 2006 and 2009. When our LDF is applied to DBSN data, and to data from stations SMT and NE3C in China, the LDF values measured from P/S ratios from known explosions are explosion-like; but for the 12 May 2010 event, the LDF values are earthquake-like for frequencies between 6 and 12 Hz. Our method for characterizing earthquakes and explosions on the basis of their regional signals can be widely applied. Measurements of P/S based on the threecomponent waveform data provide better discrimination power than do those based on vertical-component data alone. Electronic Supplement: Tutorial material on the Mahalanobis distance-squared measure, three-component linear discriminant function (LDF) analysis, tables of measurements of the log 10 P/S spectral ratios obtained from waveforms recorded at station MDJ for the two training sets and three-component discrimination analysis, and figures of log (P/S) values measured at 8 Hz from vertical-component waveforms at station MDJ for two training sets and probability distributions for D.

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Testing Event Discrimination over Broad Regions using the Historical Borovoye Observatory Explosion Dataset

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

A Lithospheric Attenuation Model of North America

A Lithospheric Attenuation Model of North America

A digital seismogram archive of nuclear explosion signals, recorded at the Borovoye Geophysical Observatory, Kazakhstan, from 1966 to 1996

Evaluation of a Seismic Event, 12 May 2010, in North Korea

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