Testing for anabolic steroids in human nail clippings

Kintz, Pascal; Gheddar, Laurie; Raul, Jean‐Sébastien

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14729

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The interest of using the fingernail as a matrix is therefore surely the extension of the detection window. Using fingernails, one can go back up to 3–8 months from exposure, depending on the length of the nail 19 . However, it is not possible to interpret these data in terms of frequency of use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interest of using the fingernail as a matrix is therefore surely the extension of the detection window. Using fingernails, one can go back up to 3-8 months from exposure, depending on the length of the nail 19. However, it is not possible to interpret these data in terms of frequency of use.In summary, clinical symptoms, positive urine findings, and identification of the drug in three hair segments and in fingernail clippings allowed the toxicologist in charge of the case to conclude to repetitive administrations of the child to flecainide over several months.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence of exposure to flecainide in a newborn by keratinous matrices testing and interpretation of the findings

Arbouche

Raul

Kintz³

2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Pediatric poisoning represents a serious problem all around the world. Abuse or neglect of children by adults must be highlighted in children exposed to drugs to which they would not normally have access. Usually, segmental hair analysis would allow in these contexts to determine whether the exposure was unique or repetitive. Hair and nail samples from a 9‐month‐old girl were received in our laboratory for analysis, after the child was hospitalized due to severe dehydration caused by her mother's neglect. At the admission, flecainide, an antiarrhythmic never prescribed to the child, was identified in the daughter urine. Using an LC–MS/MS method, flecainide tested positive in the child's hair at the following concentrations: 66 pg/mg (root to 1 cm), 61 pg/mg (1–2 cm), and 125 pg/mg (2–3 cm). Traces below the limit of quantification (1 pg/mg) were also present in the nail clippings. These concentrations are much lower than those obtained in adults under daily treatment. Given the different pharmacokinetic and dynamic parameters in children, the different rate of hair growth, and the greater porosity of the hair, which makes it more prone to external contamination, the interpretation of hair findings in children remains very complicated. In this case, it can be assumed that the presence of the drug in the urine indicates systemic incorporation and that administration had occurred for some months (three positive segments). The interpretation of hair tests from young children needs a global review of all the findings, as a positive result cannot stand alone to claim repetitive exposures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of exposure to flecainide in a newborn by keratinous matrices testing and interpretation of the findings

Arbouche

Raul

Kintz³

2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Nail clippings have also proven to be a potential specimen for the detection of stanozolol, nandrolone, trenbolone, drostanolone and testosterone enanthate, with quantitative analysis reporting a concentration range of 6–89 pg/mg for both cleaned fingernail and toenail clipping specimens from six cases after repetitive exposures. It has thus been stipulated that due to the low concentrations detected, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) following trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization is a requirement for analysis using fingernail and toenail clippings (Kintz et al, 2021b). Similar to hair, these samples are not considered valid specimens by the IOC or WADA (Box 1).…”

Section: Biological Matrices Used For Aas Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the analytical techniques for the detection of anabolic–androgenic steroids within biological matrices

Harries,

De Paoli,

Hall

et al. 2023

WIREs Forensic Science

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Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) and other image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) are controlled by governments and sport institutions such as the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA). Although elite athletes and professional bodybuilders are the most visible AAS abusers, the introduction of the internet has increased the accessibility of AASs, with use being observed among recreational gym goers at increasing prevalence. Despite reported increase in use, routine analysis for these substances is uncommon, with many forensic laboratories opting to outsource AAS analysis. This review collates information regarding the extraction and analysis of AASs from various biological matrices with the considered purpose of providing a reference for the development of AAS methods to allow for routine detection by forensic laboratories.This article is categorized under: Toxicology > in Sport Toxicology > Analytical

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“…26 Hair tests can provide additional elements to document drug exposure as the analysis of this matrix increases the window of drug detection and permits the discrimination of a single exposure from long-term use when doing segmental analyses. In case head hair specimen is missing (bald subject) or cannot be collected for religious reasons, body hair 27 or nail clippings 28 can be collected.…”

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confidence: 99%

Drug transfer during intimate moments: A key issue in doping control that can be documented by hair tests of the athlete and the partner

Kintz

2023

Med Sci Law

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The presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or its markers in an athlete's sample constitutes the more frequent anti-doping rules violation. In the world anti-doping code, it is indicated (point 10.5) that if someone establishes in an individual case that the athlete bears no fault or negligence, then the otherwise applicable period of ineligibility shall be eliminated. The conditions that have to be met to fix the no fault or negligence evidence are described in several other points of the code. The following two points are of paramount importance: 1. the athlete or his/her legal representative must present verified circumstances of contamination and the source of contamination must be identified; and  2. there must be verified claims by the athlete about the fact that he/she did not knowingly take the prohibited substance, i.e., that the violation was not intentional. In recent years, several cases of contamination involving drug transfer during intimate moments have been reported. This later situation was first reported in 2009 with the Richard Gasquet case. Since that time, several athletes have been allowed to return to competition with no charge based on strong evidence that the source of contamination was drug transfer during intimate moments. As some of these cases are public and because the author performed hair tests for the majority of the international athletes involved in such procedures, the strategy of the defence and the scientific bases of discussion are reviewed in this article.

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Testing for anabolic steroids in human nail clippings

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Evidence of exposure to flecainide in a newborn by keratinous matrices testing and interpretation of the findings

Evidence of exposure to flecainide in a newborn by keratinous matrices testing and interpretation of the findings

A review of the analytical techniques for the detection of anabolic–androgenic steroids within biological matrices

Drug transfer during intimate moments: A key issue in doping control that can be documented by hair tests of the athlete and the partner

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