Testing for Environmental Kuznets Curve in the EU Agricultural Sector through an Eco-(in)Efficiency Index

Vlontzos, George; Niavis, Spyros; Pardalos, Pãnos M.

doi:10.3390/en10121992

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the relationship of income and CO 2 emissions, Lau et al [20] and Churchill et al [21] analyzed a panel of OECD countries and landed Energies 2018, 11, 3462 3 of 15 on the same conclusion that these economies are illustrated a mechanism similar to the EKC in play. While, Vlontzos et al [22] found an N-shape relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and emissions in EU agriculture sector, Urban and Nordensvard [23] could find the evidence of EKC hypothesis for four out of five Nordic countries. Arango-Miranda et al [24] could not find the existence of the EKC hypothesis at all in a mixed panel of 10 developed and developing countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Financial Market Development and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetrical Analysis

Mahmood

Alrasheed

Furqan³

2018

Energies

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The study is aimed to scrutinize the presence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in Saudi Arabia by analyzing a period of 1971-2014. Asymmetrical impacts of Financial Market Development (FMD) and energy consumption per capita have also been tested on CO 2 emissions per capita. The estimates buoyed the long and short-run relationships in the hypothesized model, and EKC is found to be true in terms of the relationship between income and pollution. Asymmetrical effects of FMD in the long run and asymmetrical effects of energy consumption per capita in the long and short run are presented on the CO 2 emissions per capita. A decreasing FMD is found responsible for environmental degradation, and decreasing energy consumption per capita is found helpful in controlling CO 2 emissions. The tested effect of the financial crisis is found insignificant on CO 2 emissions.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Financial Market Development and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetrical Analysis

Mahmood

Alrasheed

Furqan³

2018

Energies

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“…For European countries, we found quite few such studies. For Spain, the relations between per capita CO 2 emissions and per capita income was studied, and an inverted U-shaped form was obtained using cointegration and a non-inverted U-shape as methodologies for instability tests [49]; the relationship between GHG emissions and GDP was considered as the main variable of climate change, and the environmental Kuznets curve was analyzed for the relationship between greenhouse gases and the main aspects of economic development on panel data of groups of countries in the EU [50,51]; the impact of agro-economic factors on GHG emissions in Southeastern Europe was analyzed in comparison to advanced European economies, confirming the EKC hypothesis, which is an inverted U-shaped relation between per capita GDP and carbon dioxide emissions [52]; the effects of renewable energy and non-renewable energy, real income and trade openness on CO 2 emissions for EU countries were analyzed, obtaining different shapes for the EKC curve [53]; the Kuznets hypothesis was examined for the G20 group by introducing other variables-trade openness, the ratio of secondary industry value-added to GDP and population density-and concluded that the hypothesis was verified for developing countries and failed for developed countries [21]; the relationship between economic growth, greenhouse gas emissions, energy taxes and R&D was investigated based on panel data of 22 countries of the EU [54]; and it was demonstrated that the GHG-GDP relationship in terms of sustainable agricultural production in EU countries looks rather like an N-shaped curve [55]. As a result of the analyzes performed, statistical evidence in favor of the existence of an EKC for CO 2 emissions per capita in relation to GDP per capita was not found for 16 EU countries [16].…”

Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Economic Growth and Energy Consumption on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Testing Environmental Curves Hypotheses on EU Countries

2018

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This study analyses the relationship between per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, gross domestic product, gross inland energy consumption, and renewable energy consumption for a panel of 28 countries of European Union in the period 1990–2016. Two theoretical models, a quadratic and a cubic one, are used to estimate the shape of the environmental curve and to test the Kuznets hypothesis. The panel cointegration approach proved the existence of long-run equilibrium relations among the four macroeconomic indicators. Empirical estimations, using panel data techniques, as well as heterogeneous regression for each individual country in the panel, show non-conclusive evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The least square estimates, with the variables in log per capita form, reveal that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis is verified for the panel and for 17 of the 28 EU countries. Estimates of the cubic model show that the environmental curve has an inverted N-shaped form. These results do not hold when the values are in non-logarithmic form. In addition, the estimations for all models show that an increase of gross energy consumption leads to an increase of GHGs, while an increase of renewable energy consumption leads to a reduction in GHG emissions.

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“…At an international level, some researchers examined TFEE for the European agricultural sector [13][14][15][16]. Some other studies compare the energy efficiency across countries within China.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in China’s Agricultural Sector: Trends, Disparities and Potentials

Yang

Dong

et al. 2018

Energies

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This paper investigates total-factor energy efficiency and analyses the trends of the efficiency changes in China's agricultural production across 30 provinces and three regions from 2001 to 2011, based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The potential amount of energy savings and five potential factors for energy efficiency improvement are also empirically studied by Tobit regression model. The findings show that (1) total-factor energy efficiency in China's agricultural sector is increasing over years but performs heterogeneously across regions; (2) agriculture intensive regions and energy abundant provinces tend to be relatively energy inefficient in agricultural production; and (3) economic structure, agricultural production structure, technological progress and income effect are major potentials for improving energy efficiency, whereas energy price is not a significant factor. This phenomenon results from the divergence of economic development, endowment effects as well as the scale of agricultural production. Policy implications drawn from this research are to upgrade industrial structure and promote agricultural transformation to enhance farmers' income as well as to establish a land market with entitling land property rights to farmers. This conclusion can assist to form more scientific rural energy policy decision-making in China and also can be extended to other developing economies for sustainable agriculture.

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Testing for Environmental Kuznets Curve in the EU Agricultural Sector through an Eco-(in)Efficiency Index

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Financial Market Development and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetrical Analysis

Financial Market Development and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetrical Analysis

Impact of Economic Growth and Energy Consumption on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Testing Environmental Curves Hypotheses on EU Countries

Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in China’s Agricultural Sector: Trends, Disparities and Potentials

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