Testing for resistance to smut diseases of barley, oats and wheat in western Canada

Menzies, J. G.; Turkington, T. K.; Knox, R. E.

doi:10.1080/07060660909507601

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…From a biological or evolutionary point of view, one has to assume that conservation of this cluster serves a distinct purpose, even though evidence to that effect is still lacking. Two closely related plant pathogens, Sporisorium reilianum and Ustilago hordei, lack such a cluster (23; J. Schirawski, R. Kahmann, and G. Bakkeren, personal communication) but are much less prevalent than U. maydis (16). This could indicate that production of glycolipids with antibiotic activity does extend the ecological niche and enhance the ability to reproduce.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Beta Hydroxylation of Glycolipids from Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma flocculosa by an NADPH-Dependent β-Hydroxylase

Teichmann

Lefebvre

Labbé

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Flocculosin and ustilagic acid (UA), two highly similar antifungal cellobiose lipids, are respectively produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa, a biocontrol agent, and Ustilago maydis, a plant pathogen. Both glycolipids contain a short-chain fatty acid hydroxylated at the ␤ position but differ in the long fatty acid, which is hydroxylated at the ␣ position in UA and at the ␤ position in flocculosin. In both organisms, the biosynthesis genes are arranged in large clusters. The functions of most genes have already been characterized, but those of the P. flocculosa fhd1 gene and its homolog from U. maydis, uhd1, have remained undefined. The deduced amino acid sequences of these genes show homology to those of short-chain dehydrogenases and reductases (SDR). We disrupted the uhd1 gene in U. maydis and analyzed the secreted UA. uhd1 deletion strains produced UA lacking the ␤-hydroxyl group of the short-chain fatty acid. To analyze the function of P. flocculosa Fhd1, the corresponding gene was used to complement U. maydis ⌬uhd1 mutants. Fhd1 was able to restore wild-type UA production, indicating that Fhd1 is responsible for ␤ hydroxylation of the flocculosin short-chain fatty acid. We also investigated a P. flocculosa homolog of the U. maydis long-chain fatty-acid alpha hydroxylase Ahd1. The P. flocculosa ahd1 gene, which does not reside in the flocculosin gene cluster, was introduced into U. maydis ⌬ahd1 mutant strains. P. flocculosa Ahd1 neither complemented the U. maydis ⌬ahd1 phenotype nor resulted in the production of ␤-hydroxylated UA. This suggests that P. flocculosa Ahd1 is not involved in flocculosin hydroxylation.

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confidence: 94%

Beta Hydroxylation of Glycolipids from Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma flocculosa by an NADPH-Dependent β-Hydroxylase

Teichmann

Lefebvre

Labbé

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Common root rot was assessed in single‐row plots in the root rot screening nursery at AAFC Lacombe. Loose smut assessment was done in the field by inoculation using the air‐brush technique developed by Wolfe (1993) and outlined in Menzies et al (2009). The inoculated heads were harvested and the seed was grown out in growth rooms during the following winter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These evaluations were done twice, once in 2008 and again in 2012. Covered smut was evaluated in field nurseries at Lacombe in 2009 and again in 2012, by vacuum infiltration of teliospores under the hull of the seed, as originally reported by Fischer and Holton (1957) and Nielsen (1976) and outlined in Menzies et al (2009), with inoculum provided by Dr. J. Menzies, AAFC Morden Research and Development Centre.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registration of ‘Lowe’, a Two‐Rowed Malting Barley with Enhanced Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight

Juskiw

Oatway

Oro

et al. 2019

J of Plant Registrations

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) challenges the malting and brewing industry due to the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected grain. New barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars must have improved resistance while still providing producers with robust, high yield. 'Lowe' (Reg. no. CV-369, PI 689750; Canadian Food Inspection Agency Reg. no. 8132; Canadian PBR Cert. No. 5884) is a two-rowed, hulled, spring barley developed for malting use, especially for the craft brewing industry. Lowe has a high level of resistance to FHB, accumulating 50% less DON than 'AC Metcalfe', with levels similar to the most-resistant check, 'Chevron'. Lowe was created using a modified bulk breeding method with the headrow that produced Lowe derived from a F 6 population. It was tested as TR13609 in trials managed by the Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley from 2013 to 2015. Lowe outyielded the malting checks AC Metcalfe and 'CDC Copeland' in 2 yr of agronomic evaluation. It is a tall cultivar with better lodging resistance than the malting checks. Lowe matures 3 d later than the malting checks. Lowe has excellent properties for malting and brewing, with low protein, high extract, and low b-glucan concentrations in the wort. Lowe is resistant to surface-borne and loose smuts and moderately resistant to scald, spot form of net blotch, and FHB. Lowe combines excellent agronomic, disease, and

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“…Canada ranks second after the European Union in durum wheat production with an average of 4.4 million tonnes each year (International Grain Council; http://www.igc.int/en/default.aspx ). Most of the durum wheat cultivars registered for production on the Canadian prairies are susceptible to many races of the loose smut pathogen [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-density genetic mapping of a major QTL for resistance to multiple races of loose smut in a tetraploid wheat cross

et al. 2018

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Loose smut, caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr., is a systemic disease of tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). Loose smut can be economically controlled by growing resistant varieties, making it important to find and deploy new sources of resistance. Blackbird, a variety of T. turgidum L. subsp. carthlicum (Nevski) A. Love & D. Love, carries a high level of resistance to loose smut. Blackbird was crossed with the loose smut susceptible durum cultivar Strongfield to produce a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population. The parents and progenies were inoculated with U. tritici races T26, T32 and T33 individually and as a mixture at Swift Current, Canada in 2011 and 2012 and loose smut incidence (LSI) was assessed. Genotyping of the DH population and parents using an Infinium iSelect 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array identified 12,952 polymorphic SNPs. The SNPs and 426 SSRs (previously genotyped in the same population) were mapped to 16 linkage groups spanning 3008.4 cM at an average inter-marker space of 0.2 cM in a high-density genetic map. Composite interval mapping analysis revealed three significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for loose smut resistance on chromosomes 3A, 6B and 7A. The loose smut resistance QTL on 6B (QUt.spa-6B.2) and 7A (QUt.spa-7A.2) were derived from Blackbird. Strongfield contributed the minor QTL on 3A (QUt.spa-3A.2). The resistance on 6B was a stable major QTL effective against all individual races and the mixture of the three races; it explained up to 74% of the phenotypic variation. This study is the first attempt in durum wheat to identify and map loose smut resistance QTL using a high-density genetic map. The QTL QUt.spa-6B.2 would be an effective source for breeding resistance to multiple races of the loose smut pathogen because it provides near-complete broad resistance to the predominant virulence on the Canadian prairies.

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Testing for resistance to smut diseases of barley, oats and wheat in western Canada

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Beta Hydroxylation of Glycolipids from Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma flocculosa by an NADPH-Dependent β-Hydroxylase

Beta Hydroxylation of Glycolipids from Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma flocculosa by an NADPH-Dependent β-Hydroxylase

Registration of ‘Lowe’, a Two‐Rowed Malting Barley with Enhanced Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight

High-density genetic mapping of a major QTL for resistance to multiple races of loose smut in a tetraploid wheat cross

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