Testing Hollnagel's Contextual Control Model: Assessing Team Behavior in a Human Supervisory Control Task

Stanton, Neville A.; Ashleigh, Melanie; Roberts, Anthony; Xu, Fenglian

doi:10.1207/s15327566ijce0502_2

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Finally, Stanton et al (2001) used the contextual control model to categorize team behaviour in terms of the four control modes. The situation was a simulated task of balancing a gas-network system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and time again

Hollnagel¹

2002

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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In the study of human±machine systems, the need to have a model of the user is by now taken for granted. The model can be used both as support for design and analysis and as a representation of the user that resides somewhere in the machine. When it comes to the practice of modelling, two characteristic approaches can be recognized. The ®rst focuses on the how of modelling, and is concerned mainly with the structure and contents of models. The second focuses on what is being modelled, and is concerned mainly with the functioning or performance of the model. The ®rst approach has dominated human±machine systems research for several decades, and has led to orthodoxy in modelling by which certain structural characteristics are accepted without questioning. This unre¯ective attitude to modelling has been criticised several times, although with little e ect. In taking the second approach and focusing on what should be modelled, two important issues are that human performance varies in level of control, i.e. in terms of how orderly it is, and that thinking and acting take timeÐ and occur in a context where time is limited. Although it is clearly essential that user models can account for these characteristics, very few existing models are capable of doing so because they focus on internal information processing rather than on performance in a dynamic environment. The paper describes a type of functional model, called contextual control models, which shows how it is possible to account for both di erent control modes and how performance is a ected by time. Indeed, control and time are intimately linked and loss of one may lead to a loss of the other. The contextual control model distinguishes among four characteristic control modes (strategic, tactical, opportunistic and scrambled) and two time parameters (time to evaluate, time to select) that are seen relative to the available time. Finally, a number of applications of contextual control models are described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and time again

Hollnagel¹

2002

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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“…This activity within individuals has been termed cognitive control, and control strategies are described as cognitive control modes within Hollnagel's (1993) cognitive control model. These adaptations in teams include differing communication patterns (e.g., Stanton, Ashleigh, Roberts, & Xu, 2001).…”

Section: Team-based Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aviation Automation: General Perspectives and Specific Guidance for the Design of Modes and Alerts

Pritchett¹

2009

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Automation has long been a significant component of the flight deck, to the point that it is often referred to as a "team member." This review notes the recent insights into aviation human-automation interaction, starting with a quick tour of the modern flight deck to illustrate the current state of the art in applying automation in safety-critical systems. The review then contrasts three prevalent perspectives on applying automation: those that focus on the technology itself, on automation within the operating environment, and on automation as a team member. Next, this review discusses two prevalent forms of aviation automation for which significant research and design guidance has been developed: automation based on modal behaviors, such as the flight management system, and alerting functions, which direct attention or motivate action as warranted by events. Finally, the review notes considerations regarding the certification, testing, and evaluation of automation (and human-automation interaction) in the safety-critical domain of aviation.

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“…In the tactical control mode, the next action is usually preplanned as the operator has a longer time horizon, thus enabling the use of rules and procedures to carry out actions. In the tactical control mode, the operator is still heavily influenced by the immediacy of the situation and will therefore still be influenced by the interface to some extent (Stanton, Ashleigh, Roberts, & Xu, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%