Testing of a commercial waterpipe electric heater and a research-grade waterpipe electric heater

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The capability of a commercial waterpipe electric heater to simulate the waterpipe charcoal heating system using waterpipe tobacco consumption as a metric was evaluated, and a research-grade waterpipe electric heater to standardize waterpipe tobacco emission testing was designed. METHODS The experiment was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, tobacco was heated using either charcoal or a commercial electric heater. The tobacco temperature was recorded during a 57-minute machine-smoking session and tobacco consumption was measured. In Phase 2, a similar procedure was followed using a novel research-grade electric heater. RESULTS In Phase 1, tobacco consumption using either charcoal or the commercial electric heater averaged 31.35% and 20.56%, respectively. In Phase 2, tobacco consumption using the research-grade electric heater, set at target temperatures

Investigating the transfer rate of waterpipe additives to smoke as an integral part of toxicological risk assessments

“…The amount of additive transfer from waterpipe tobacco to smoke was not found to be strongly dependent on any single physicochemical property but 39% of the transfer rate variance can be explained collectively by the additive boiling point, molecular weight, vapor pressure and water solubility. Indeed, waterpipe smoking is a complex process, dependent on several parameters e.g., heating source, temperature, charcoal type, number of charcoal pieces used [13] , [5] , user puff profile, waterpipe size/ shape and tobacco composition [1] , [16] , [17] , [2] . Erythropel et al [7] had reported that ‘water solubility probably only plays a minor role for determining the “efficiency” of the filtration step’.…”

Levels of Chemical Toxicants in Waterpipe Tobacco and Waterpipe Charcoal Solid Waste

“…The smoking machine pulled air through a quantity of tobacco (10 g) in a head. The WP tobacco was then indirectly heated by an in-house electric heater, achieving similar temperatures as commercially available heaters (360°C) [ 39 ] [ 40 ]. The resulting smoke was pulled down the stem ( Figure 1(a) ), bubbled through the water reservoir containing 18 MΩ deionized water in the base (enough water to cover 30 mm of the stem, approx.…”

A Waterpipe is not a Cigarette, it is not Even a Conventional Pipe

“…Even with foil, tobacco temperatures in electrically-heated bowls have been reported to range from 286 °C to 300 °C depending on heater power versus 150 °C when charcoal was used (8). In another study on electrically heated shisha bowls, scientists at the US FDA's Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) reported a new electric heater for shisha bowls (9). Comparisons were made between charcoal heating, a no-longer available commercial electric heater, and the new heater using Nakhla Two Apples shisha and a puffing protocol similar to that specified in ISO 22486:2019.…”

“…Another benefit of the phunnel bowl over the Egyptianstyle bowl (Mya) is that it appears to reduce the final shisha temperature at the end of the puffing period. This is very important as sugar-derived aerosol toxicants (furanic compounds) increase with increasing mass loss as mass loss is related to temperature of shisha during heating (9). In addition, the following quotation from an article by SCHUBERT et al (15) shows the importance of temperature control during the process of determination of shisha emissions; "The generation of furanic compounds during a waterpipe smoking session depends mainly on four parameters.…”