Testing of Eight Medicinal Plant Extracts in Combination with Kresoxim-Methyl for Integrated Control of Botrytis cinerea in Apples

Abstract

Abstract:Botrytis cinerea is a fungus that causes gray mold on many fruit crops. Despite the availability of a large number of botryticides, the chemical control of gray mold has been hindered by the emergence of resistant strains. In this paper, tests were done to determine the botryticidal efficacy of selected plant extracts alone or combined with kresoxim-methyl. In total, eight South African medicinal plants viz Artemisia afra, Elyptropappus rhinocerotis, Galenia africana, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Siphonochilus aetheopicus, Sutherlandia frutescens, Tulbaghia violacea and Tulbaghia alliacea were screened. Allium sativum, a plant species known to have antifungal activity, was included in the in vivo studies. For the in vitro studies, synergistic interactions between the plant extracts and the kresoxim-methyl fungicide were tested with radial growth assays. Data indicated synergistic inhibitory effects between the fungicide and the plant extracts. Next, different doses of plant extracts combined with kresoxim-methyl were used for decay inhibition studies on Granny Smith apples. Synergistic and additive effects were observed OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 401 for many of the combinations. Even though this study was done using only one strain of B. cinerea, results showed that the tested indigenous South African plant species possess natural compounds that potentiate the activity of kresoxim-methyl.

Acute toxicity studies of the South African medicinal plant Galenia africana

“…G. africana was also used by indigenous tribes of Southern Africa as a component of various cosmetic products such as lotions, decoctions and dressings [ 11 ]. More recently, the antifungal [ 13 , 14 ] and anti-mycobacterial [ 10 , 15 , 16 ] activity of G. africana extracts and flavonoid fractions has been reported.…”

Control of gray mold of pomegranate fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea

“…The results of our study demonstrate the potential of using plant extracts in combination with a fungicide to improve the efficiency of the antifungal activity (Derbalah et al, 2012). In decay inhibition studies on Granny Smith apples, synergistic and additive effects were observed for many of the combinations between plant extracts used in that study and fungicide kresoxim-methyl (Fielding et al, 2015).…”

“…Soil Security Vol.1 (2017) SAMAR A. ALLAM et al and economical alternative techniques to control postharvest gray mold of vegetables and fruits (Wu et al, 2016). Satisfactory results have been reported using bio-control or antagonistic microorganisms and natural compounds including various plant extracts (Fielding et al, 2015).…”

Synergistic effect of plant extracts and fungicide against purple blotch disease of onion

“…At the lower dose of 25 %, the plant extracts gave 100% inhibition in case of C. fistula while C. sinensis gave 97%, P. longifolia gave 93% and P. pinnata gave 88% inhibition. Fielding et al (2015) also tested eight plant extracts with kresoxim-methyl for the management of Botrytis cinerea in apples. They observed the synergistic and effective control with plant extracts and fungicides.…”