Testing of the Storm Water Management Model Low Impact Development Modules

Abstract

Research Impact Statement: This work was performed to test the low impact development modules in SWMM, a model used by practitioners to assist in sizing stormwater and wastewater infrastructure.ABSTRACT: Stormwater infrastructure designers and operators rely heavily on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to simulate stormwater and wastewater infrastructure performance. Since its inception in the late 1970s, improvements and extensions have been tested and evaluated rigorously to verify the accuracy of the model. As a continuation of this progress, the main objective of this study was to quantify how accurately SWMM simulates the hydrologic activity of low impact development (LID) storm control measures. Model performance was evaluated by quantitatively comparing empirical data to model results using a multievent, multiobjective calibration method. The calibration methodology utilized the PEST software, a Parameter ESTimation tool, to determine unmeasured hydrologic parameters for SWMM's LID modules. The calibrated LID modules' Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies averaged 0.81; average percent bias (PBIAS) À9%; average ratio of root mean square error to standard deviation of measured values 0.485; average index of agreement 0.94; and the average volume error, simulated vs. observed, was +9%. SWMM accurately predicted the timing of peak flows, but usually underestimated their magnitudes by 10%. The average volume reduction, measured outflow volume divided by inflow volume, was 48%. We had more difficulty in calibrating one study, an infiltration trench, which identified a significant limitation of the current version of the SWMM LID module; it cannot simulate lateral exfiltration of water out of the storage layers of a LID storm control measure. This limitation is especially severe for a deep LIDs, such as infiltration trenches. Nevertheless, SWMM satisfactorily simulated the hydrologic performance of eight of the nine LID practices.(

Investigation of the low impact development strategies for highly urbanized area via auto-calibrated Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)

“…We used green roof LID type since limited open space takes place in the selected study area. The green roof application is effective in particularly urbanized areas and widely distributed industrial places (Platz et al 2020). In addition to the type of the buildings, the age of the buildings is another major challenge in LID applications.…”

A systematic review of natural flood management modelling: Approaches, limitations, and potential solutions

“…Randall et al (2019) stated that including high-resolution land use data as a component of largescale modelling is important for reducing uncertainties, consistent with the observations of others (Krebs et al, 2013). Further, studies suggest that additional Rosa et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2019;Miao et al, 2019;Zhu and Chen, 2017;Lin et al, 2021;Platz et al, 2020;Steis Thorsby et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2015;Towsif Khan et al, 2020 • A range of 1D and 2D models have been used…”

“…The 1D modelling of NFM features has mainly been conducted for two separate scenarios. The first scenario is for modelling small‐scale urban piped networks, which is typically performed at a scale of <10 km 2 , in mainly urban settings or sponge city scenarios using software such as SWMM (Platz et al, 2020; Steis Thorsby et al, 2020), or L‐THIA‐LID 2.1 (Li et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2015). Features that are modelled in these scenarios typically pertain to LID features or green infrastructure, such as rain barrels, rain gardens, pervious pavements, and green roofs, as these are common ways of integrating NFM into urban settings.…”

Incorporating External Green Infrastructure Models into Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) Simulations Using Interface Files

“…It includes modules for catchments, GIs, stormwater conveyance systems, sanitary sewers, and hydraulic controls (Rossman 2015). The GI module in SWMM was found to be satisfactory in modeling the hydrological responses of different types of GIs in Platz et al (2020). Rosa et al (2015) built a calibrated SWMM model for a small urban catchment with multiple types of GIs and showed that the predicted runoff volumes matched well with the observed values.…”