Testing Older Adults for Signs of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Clock Drawing Test vs.Mini-Mental State Examination

Ghavidel, Fahimeh; Fadardi, Javad Salehi; Sedaghat, Fereshteh; Tabibi, Zahra

doi:10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.2.141

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We have examined the cognitive decline among enrolled participants using both MMSE and Mini-Cog Scores, and it was tracked with respect to age, the mean MMSE score decreased from 26.58 among young adults to 24.06 among older adults, and the same was with the mean Mini-Cog Scores (Figure 1 & 2). This is also supported by the results of a similar study, participants < 75 years of age had the mean MMSE score of 28.14 while those > 75 years had a mean score of 27.81 and CDT declined from 4.47 to 4.19 among the two age groups 4 . In addition to age, the effects of gender, educational levels, and occupational load on cognitive functioning were also investigated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Another study suggested that physical frailty has a significant impact on cognitive activities and mental health 28 . As per our results, the occupational load was significantly associated with cognitive performance, and participants with low to moderate occupational load had mild to severe cognitive impairment as compared to those with high occupational load ( Table 3 & 4). The educational level also had a significant impact on the cognitive abilities of the participants (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Moreover, a higher level of cognitive impairment was observed among males, i.e., mean MMSE score of 24.94 among males vs. 25.47 among females, and the same was for the Mini-Cog score (4.30 vs. 4.37). Other studies with similar findings suggested that this gender-based difference might be due to various environmental and occupational stressors 4,27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Therefore, various screening tests are performed for preliminary assessment of cognitive impairment in order to diagnose and treat the condition before the development of serious outcomes 3 . The appropriate diagnosis within the recommended time duration plays an important role in devising a suitable therapeutic plan for cognitive impairment, and it prevents already the feeble body of aged individuals from being adversely affected by the severe cognitive disorders 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Age-related Cognitive performance; An Observational Pilot Study

Khan¹,

Ashraf²,

Siddiqui³

et al. 2020

Ann. psychophysiol.

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Background: To the best of our knowledge, the general population of Pakistan has never been evaluated for age-related cognitive performance. We aimed to determine the decline in cognitive abilities using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Mini-Cognition (Mini-Cog) in the three age brackets, i.e. younger, middle-aged and older adults. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a sample of 200 subjects (both male and female) divided into three different groups with respect to their age, i.e. younger, middle-aged and older adults. For cognitive assessment, MMSE and Mini-Cog were used with predetermined cutoff values. A point was scored for each correct answer based on the participant's familiarization of environment, memory, speech, and ability to follow instructions to read or write. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Based on the study findings, MMSE suggested that 2.5% of participants had severe cognitive impairment, and 23% had mild cognitive impairment. Of these, 23 participants were in between 56 to 75 years of age, indicating increased cognitive decline among older adults. The mean MMSE score was 26.58 among young adults, which further decreased to 24.06 among older adults. The results of the regression analysis displayed that age, occupational load and educational levels were independent predictors of cognitive performances (higher MMSE score) (p<0.05). Besides for Mini-Cog scores, only education and occupation were the significant predictors. Conclusion: This pilot study determining the cognitive performance in different age groups yielded positive outcomes. Both MMSE and Mini-Cog findings were comparable and indicated that there was a significant age-related cognitive decline which was comparatively more pronounced among males than females. However, further descriptive studies might help in defining the appropriate and timely screening of cognitive abilities using MMSE and Mini-Cog.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluating Age-related Cognitive performance; An Observational Pilot Study

Khan¹,

Ashraf²,

Siddiqui³

et al. 2020

Ann. psychophysiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The cut-off point (in seconds) for average-normal performance was set at one standard deviation above the mean (+ 1SD), for slower than normal between + 1 and + 2 standard deviations, and for abnormal performance at more than + 2 standard deviations for English and Swedish [16,17]. Its test-retest reliability was reported as 0.89 [22]. In Iran the MMSE psychometric properties showed that the test-retest reliability is 0.78 and its cut-off point is 21.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults

Afshar

Wiig

Malakouti

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cognitive disorders are one of the most important issues in old age. They may remain hidden in the early stages. There are many cognitive tests, but some variables affect their results (e.g., age and education.) This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults.Methods: This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of AQT. 114 older adults participated in the study and were divided into three groups (46 with mild cognitive impairments (MCI), 24 with dementia, and 45 without MCI and dementia) based on the diagnosis of two geriatric psychiatrists. Participants were assessed by AQT and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and ROC curve by SPSS v.23.Results: There was no significant correlation between AQT subscales and age and no significant difference between the AQT subscales in male and female, educational levels, and marital status. The test-retest correlations (r) were significant for Color (C) 0.84, Form (F) 0.91 and Color-Form (CF) 0.94. Convergent validity was significant between MMSE and AQT. Its correlation was with Color -0.78, Form -0.71, and Color-Form -0.72. The cut-off point for Color was 43.50 s, Form 52 s, and Color-Form 89 s were based on sensitivity and specificity for differentiating older patients with MCI with controls. The cut-off point for Color was 62.50 s, for Form 111 s, and Color-Form 197.50 s based on sensitivity and specificity measures for differentiating older patients with dementia and MCI.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive function in older adults.

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