Testing Port-Orford-Cedar for Resistance to Phytophthora

Hansen, E. M.; Hamm, Philip B.; Roth, Lewis F.

doi:10.1094/pd-73-0791

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The presence of genetic resistance to P. lateralis was first noted in the late 1980s (Hansen et al 1989). The operational resistance program began in 1996, and over 10 000 field selections have been through the first phase of testing, a stem dip test (USDI BLM and USDA FS 2004).…”

Section: Phytophthora Lateralis Resistance In Port-orford-cedarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees — current successes in North America

Sniezko¹

2006

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Nonnative invasive pathogens have decimated North American forests for over 100 years, and additional pathogens continue to arrive. These pathogens are destined to be permanent fixtures in the ecosystem. In many cases, management activities have been unsuccessful in slowing the spread of these pathogens or in restoring forests. Genetic resistance potentially provides an invaluable management tool for restoring these species or using them in plantations. Although native tree species are highly susceptible to some nonnative pathogens, a low frequency of resistance is present in even those North American host species most affected. Classical breeding methods can produce genetically diverse and resistant populations for reforestation or restoration of natural forests. However, any operational program for developing resistant populations of forest trees must contend with relatively long generation times, as well as the long-lived nature of trees and the potential of the pathogen to evolve. Western white pine (Pinus monticola), PortOrford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), American chestnut (Castanea dentata), and American elm (Ulmus americana) are examples of species for which there are successful breeding programs for disease resistance. Examples from these species, with a particular focus on western white pine and white pine blister rust [Cronartium ribicola] resistance, will be used to illustrate some of the successes in operational programs, as well as to discuss some of the research needs and current unknowns in developing durable resistance. Some of these programs have been ongoing for 50 years, while the Port-Orford-cedar program began only in the last decade. Resistant seedlings from several programs are now being used in reforestation and restoration. 279Résumé : Les organismes pathogènes envahissants exotiques ont décimé les forêts nord-américaines depuis plus de 100 ans et de nouveaux agents pathogènes continuent d'arriver. Ces agents pathogènes sont destinés à devenir des résidents permanents de l'écosystème. Dans plusieurs cas, des activités de lutte contre ces agents pathogènes n'ont pas réussi à ralentir leur dispersion ou à restaurer les forêts. La résistance génétique a le potentiel pour être un outil d'aménagement inestimable pour la restauration de ces espèces ou pour leur utilisation en plantation. Même si les essences indigènes sont très sensibles à certains agents pathogènes exotiques, un faible taux de résistance est présent, même dans les essences nord-américaines les plus affectées. Les méthodes classiques d'amélioration génétique peuvent produire des populations génétiquement diverses et résistantes pour la reforestation ou la restauration de forêts naturelles. Cependant, tout programme opérationnel de développement de populations résistantes d'arbres forestiers doit composer avec des durées de génération relativement longues, ainsi qu'avec la longévité des arbres et le potentiel d'évolution des agents pathogènes. Le pin argenté (Pinus monticola), le faux cyprès de Lawson (Chamaecyparis lawson...

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Section: Phytophthora Lateralis Resistance In Port-orford-cedarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees — current successes in North America

Sniezko¹

2006

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…Detached stems have been used to assess the susceptibility of numerous woody plant species to P. cinnamomi and other Phytophthora species. (Sewell & Wilson 1959, Dixon, Thinlay & Sivasithamparam 1984, Matheron & Mircetich 1985, Dolan & Coffey 1986, Hansen, Hamm & Roth 1989, Scott, Wicks & Lee 1992. They have not been used with any Eucalyptus species although detached roots have been, with varying success (Tippett et al 1985, Shearer, Michaelsen & Warren 1987.…”

Section: Disease and Pathogenicity Phenotypes Capacity To Form Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variation in a clonal lineage of two Phytophthora cinnamomi populations from Western Australia

Hüberli

Tommerup

Dobrowolski

et al. 2001

Mycological Research

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Seventy-three isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi were collected from diseased Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) and Corymbia calophylla (marri) trees in two forest communities in the southwest of Western Australia. Both populations of P. cinnamomi were examined for phenotypic and genotypic variation. Microsatellite DNA analysis showed that all isolates were of the same clonal lineage. We show, for the first time for P. cinnamomi, that morphological and pathogenic variation between populations of the clonal lineage are very broad and continuous. The phenotypes examined included growth rates and colony morphology on potato dextrose agar at different temperatures, sporangial and gametangial morphology, ability to form lesions in detached jarrah and marri stems, and ability to cause deaths of clonal jarrah plants in a glasshouse trial. Phenotype variation was derived asexually. All phenotypes investigated varied independently from one another. Cluster analysis of 24 morphological and pathogenicity phenotypes identified two main clusters of isolates corresponding to each population. The ability to cause deaths in both populations ranged from killing all plants within 59 d to plants being symptomless 182 d after inoculation.

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“…Selection for resistance to P. cinnamomi has been possible in a number of species, for example Port Orford cedar {Chamaecyparis tawsoniana) (Hansen et al, 1989) and Pinus echinata (Zentmyer. 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in clonal, micropropagated Eucalyptus marginata

1993

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Plants of the eucalypt. Eucalyptus marginata. selected through a glasshouse screening procedure for resistance or susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi, were established in tissue culture and micropropagated. After inoculation with P. cinnamomi, root lesions in clonal lines selected as resistant (RR) to P. cinnamomi were restricted and became contained within four days after inoculation while lesions in roots of those lines susceptible (SS) to P. cinnamomi continued to extend rapidly. Activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) was increased above controls in root segments of the RR lines 48 h after inoculation with P. cinnamomi while activity in unselected seedlings and the SS lines was reduced or unchanged. After inoculation, lignin concentration was increased and reached high levels compared with uninoculated control levels in roots of the two RR lines tested. Constitutive levels of phenolics in roots of the RR lines were up to 94% higher than in seedling roots and levels were further increased after inoculation. Levels of phenolics in the other lines and seedlings were unaltered by inoculation. A line derived from resistant seedlings from a susceptible family (RS) had the highest constitutive levels of lignin, which were further increased after inoculation. Resistance to P. cinnamomi in clonally propagated E. marginata seedlings is based on similar mechanisms to those of field resistant species.

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Testing Port-Orford-Cedar for Resistance to Phytophthora

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees — current successes in North America

Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees — current successes in North America

Phenotypic variation in a clonal lineage of two Phytophthora cinnamomi populations from Western Australia

Mechanisms of resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in clonal, micropropagated Eucalyptus marginata

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