Testing Quantum Mechanics on New Ground

Ghose, Partha

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511585784

Cited by 43 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Following the EPR presentation, this property of entangled systems and its implications suscitated a large debate [1,2,3,4,57,58]. The position of many authors can be summarised by quoting Ballentine [57], saying that "[to deny] the reality of both spin values until the measurement has actually been performed" represents "an extreme positivist philosophy" and "entails the unreasonable, essentially solipsist position that the reality of particle 2 depends upon some measurement which is not connected to it by any physical interaction".…”

Section: The Epr Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on hidden variable theories: A review of recent progresses

2005

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Quantum Mechanics (QM) is one of the pillars of modern physics: an impressive amount of experiments have confirmed this theory and many technological applications are based on it. Nevertheless, at one century since its development, various aspects concerning its very foundations still remain to be clarified. Among them, the transition from a microscopic probabilistic world into a macroscopic deterministic one and quantum non-locality. A possible way out from these problems would be if QM represents a statistical approximation of an unknown deterministic theory.This review is addressed to present the most recent progresses on the studies related to Hidden Variable Theories (HVT), both from an experimental and a theoretical point of view, giving a larger emphasis to results with a direct experimental application.More in details, the first part of the review is a historical introduction to this problem. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument and the first discussions about HVT are introduced, describing the fundamental Bell's proposal for a general experimental test of every Local HVT and the first attempts to realise it.The second part of the review is devoted to elucidate the recent progresses toward a conclusive Bell inequalities experiment obtained with entangled photons and other physical systems.Finally, the last sections are targeted to shortly discuss Non-Local HVT.1

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Section: The Epr Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though, in the past decades, many interesting theoretical works were focused on the solution of this problem originating a large debate, nevertheless they could not lead to any conclusive solution [1,2,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on hidden variable theories: A review of recent progresses

2005

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“…[4,5,6]. However, it must be pointed out that only in some versions of dBB theory the photon is described as a particle [4,5,7,8,11]: therefore our test concerns these versions of the theory, which have the fundamental advantage of describing bosons and fermions on the same ground. If the experiment will be repeated with fermions a conclusive test of dBB will be obtained.…”

Section: Description Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Bell theorem does not apply to non-local hidden variable theories, including the de Broglie-Bohm one [1,7,8], the most serious and successful attempt to propose an alternative to SQM. In this theory the hidden variable is the position of the particle, which follows a perfectly defined trajectory in its motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental realization of a first test of de Broglie Bohm theory

Brida

Cagliero

Falzetta

et al. 2002

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Quantum Mechanics is a pillar of modern physics, confirmed by a huge amount of experiments.Nevertheless, it presents many unintuitive properties, strongly differing from classical mechanics due to its intrinsic non-epistemic probabilistic nature. Many attempts have been devoted to build a deterministic theory reproducing all the results of Standard Quantum Mechanics (SQM), but where probabilities are epistemic, namely due to our ignorance of some hidden variables. These theories can be local or non-local. The formers are substantially excluded by Bell inequalities experiments [1,3]. The latter include the de Broglie -Bohm (dBB) one [1,8], the most successful attempt in this sense. DBB theory is built in order to reproduce almost all SQM predictions.However, it has recently been shown [4,5,6] that different coincidence patterns are predicted by SQM and dBB when a double slit experiment is realised under specific conditions, in particular no coincidence is expected when the two photodetectors are in the same semiplane respect to the median symmetry axis of the double slit. In this letter we present the first realisation of such a double slit experiment with correlated photons produced in type I parametric down conversion.We observe a perfect agreement with SQM prediction and a coincidence peak almost 8 standard deviations above zero, when the two photodetectors are well inside the same semiplane: Thus our results confirm Standard Quantum Mechanics contradicting dBB predictions.PACS numbers: 03.65.Ta * Electronic address: genovese@ien.it; URL: http://www.ien.it/~genovese/marco.html † Dedicated to the memory of our beloved friend and collaborator Carlo Novero.

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“…This is the essence of the paradox of wave-particle duality. This paradox has led to a number of interpretations ranging from particles or waves as expressed by Bohr in his complementarity principle [26] through which way experiments [27,28,29] and their interpretations in terms of partially particle-like and partially wave-like 'information' [30,31,32,33] to fully particle and wave interpretations [34,35,36] and their tests [37,38].…”

Section: Principal Quantum Paradoxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unfinished Search for Wave-Particle and Classical-Quantum Harmony

Ghose¹

2015

j adv phys

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The main purpose of this paper is to review the progress that has taken place so far in the search for a single unifying principle that harmonizes (i) the wave and particle natures of matter and radiation, both at the quantum and the classical levels, on the one hand and (ii) the classical and quantum theories of matter and radiation on the other hand. In the author's opinion, the Koopman-von Neumann-Sudarshan (KvNS) Hilbert space theory based on complex wave functions underlying particle trajectories in classical phase space, is an important step forward in that direction. To appreciate the similarities and differences between classical and quantum wave functions, it is important first to review the famous paradoxes of quantum theory arising mainly from the dual character of matter and radiation and the mysterious nature of measurements in quantum theory. They have given rise to the suspicion that quantum mechanics is an incomplete theory and to multiple interpretations of quantum mechanics as well as no-go theorems ruling out certain types of hidden variable theories introduced to 'complete' quantum mechanics in some way. It is also important to point out that experimental verifications of the predictions of the double-prism experiment and the observation of average single photon trajectories in weak measurements appear to favour the spacetime picture of particles favoured by Einstein, de Broglie and Bohm over the complementarity approach favoured by Bohr. The KvN theory of classical mechanics provides a clear and beautiful harmony of classical waves and particles. Sudarshan has given an alternative but equivalent formulation that shows that classical mechanics can be regarded as a quantum theory with essentially hidden noncommuting variables. An extension of KvNS theory to classical electrodynamics provides a sound Hilbert space foundation to it and satisfactorily accounts for entanglement and Bell-CHSH-like violations already observed in classical polarization optics. An important new insight that has been obtained through these developments is that entanglement and Bell-like inequality violations are neither unique signatures of quantumness nor of non-locality-they are rather signatures of non-separability. Another new insight is the interpretation of the Wigner function as a KvNS wave function, i.e. a probability amplitude which need not be positive everywhere. This has important implications for simulating certain types of quantum information processes using classical polarization optics. Finally, Sudarshan's proposed solution to the measurement problem using KvNS theory for the measuring apparatus is sketched to show to what extent wave and particles can be harmonized in quantum theory.

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Testing Quantum Mechanics on New Ground

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Research on hidden variable theories: A review of recent progresses

Research on hidden variable theories: A review of recent progresses

Experimental realization of a first test of de Broglie Bohm theory

The Unfinished Search for Wave-Particle and Classical-Quantum Harmony

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