Testing the Application of Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem to Contemporary Trade Between Malaysia and Singapore

Clarke, A. D. B.; Kulkarni, Kishore G.

doi:10.7885/1946-651x.1009

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The Heckscher-Ohlin theory is no longer relevant to the trade carried out by Malaysia and its six main export destination countries. However, The H-O theory is correct because as a capital-intensive country, Singapore exports more capital-intensive commodities (Clarke & Kulkarni, 2010). To predict the carbon flow pattern between China and its trading partners at the industrial and economic levels, the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model proved to be correct in predicting it.…”

Section: Literatur Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to imports, he discovered that exports required 30% more labor-intensive in 1947, deduce that specialization in labour-intensive, not capital-intensive production lines, served as the basis for America's participation in the global division of labor. Due to contradicts the HO theory, it is called the Leontief paradox in his findings (Clarke & Kulkarni, 2010).…”

Section: Literatur Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing Hecksher Ohlin Theory : Evidence From Singapore In 1991-2016

Fajrin¹,

Hidayatullah²

2022

AEBD

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This research aims to test Hecksher Ohlin's theory with a capital-intensive country in Asia, namely Singapore with the research period 1991-2016. The time period was chosen to avoid a significant shock, namely the covid 19 that occurred in 2020. However, taking into account the effect of the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the 1991 - 2016 time period was chosen. The data used and obtained are from the World Bank. We examine the variables of labor, investment, consumer price index and export. This study uses VECM Modelling. According to Hecksher Ohlin's theory, a capital-intensive country like Singapore will export its goods and services which has a positive and significant relation with investment. The research's findings support the Hecksher-Ohlin Theory. However, employment is also positively related to investment in Singapore. This is very rational even though Singapore uses a capital-intensive system but still requires manpower. Likewise, the CPI is also significantly positive regarding investment in Singapore, proving that Singapore's production is not only for export orientation but also to meet domestic consumption.

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Section: Literatur Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literatur Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Hecksher Ohlin Theory : Evidence From Singapore In 1991-2016

Fajrin¹,

Hidayatullah²

2022

AEBD

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“…The initial deterioration is due to the presumed stickiness of the traded quantities for reasons such as previously signed contracts on the supply side, and habit formation on the demand side. Actually, if the pattern of short-run deterioration and long-run improvement of the trade balance as a result of currency depreciation occurs (the J-Curve Phenomenon holds) it indicates that the Marshall-Lerner Condition (MLC) is met, too(Clarke & Kulkarni, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Essays on modern economic issues in international trade, exchange rates and housing

Shaar¹

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<p>The common theme of the three papers in this thesis is the focus on the impact of data choices on empirical research in Economics. Such choices can be about the source of data; should we source the data from country A or country B in a bilateral trade relation? Is there a way to reconcile the discrepancies in international trade data? In investigating the impact of exchange rate on trade, should we choose high-frequency or low-frequency data? What does the choice of a certain frequency imply for the econometric analysis? In assessing the impact of housing wealth on household consumption, what are the benefits of choosing household-level data? How can we take advantage of aggregate data on house prices to circumvent the endogeneity arising from household-specific confounding factors? This thesis shows that data choices can strongly affect our conclusions regarding several modern economic issues. The first paper is titled ‘Reconciling International Trade Data.’ International trade data are filled with discrepancies–where two countries report different values of trade with each other. We develop an index for ranking countries’ data quality based on the following notion: the more a country’s reports on bilateral trade differ from the corresponding reports of its partners, the more likely it is a low-quality reporter. We calculate the comparative quality for each country’s imports and exports separately for every year from 1962 to 2016. We reconcile international trade data through picking the value reported by the country with higher quality in every bilateral flow. The findings include: (a) global trade was under-reported by roughly 5% over the past five years as countries with low data quality under-report both, their imports and exports; (b) erroneous reporting is prevalent among low-quality reporters; (c) importers’ data are less likely to be in error; (d) the level of development and corruption are possible determinants of trade data quality; (e) low-quality reporters are 14% more open to trade using reconciled data than using self-reported data (f) China tends to under-report its exports and over-report its imports, while there is only a small difference between US self-reported and reconciled data. The reconciled trade dataset is made freely available for future studies to use. The second paper is titled ‘Why You Should Use High Frequency Data to Test the Impact of Exchange Rate on Trade.’ The paper suggests that testing the impact of exchange rate on trade should be done using high frequency data. Using different data frequencies for identical periods and specifications between the US and Canada, the paper shows that low frequency data suppresses and distorts the evidence of the impact of exchange rate on trade in the short-run and the long-run. The third paper is titled: ‘Housing Leverage and Consumption Expenditure: Evidence from New Zealand Microdata.’ The paper investigates how household debt affects the marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth. The paper uses New Zealand household-level data on spending, income, and debt over the period 2006–2016. The main empirical challenge is to identify exogenous variation in house prices to determine how consumption evolves with movements in household wealth. This identification problem is complicated by the presence of unobserved household characteristics that are correlated with housing wealth. The paper uses a detailed house sale dataset to derive local average house prices and use it as an instrument. The empirical results show that the estimated elasticity of consumption spending to housing wealth is about 0.22%. In dollar terms, the average marginal propensity to consume out of a one-dollar increase in housing wealth is around 2.2 cents. The empirical results confirm that household indebtedness, especially mortgage debt, acts as a drag on consumption spending, not only through the debt overhang channel, but also through influencing the collateral channel of the housing wealth effect.</p>

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The Effects of Exchange Rate Change on the Trade Balance of Slovakia

Šimáková¹

2014

EFAJ

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.

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Testing the Application of Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem to Contemporary Trade Between Malaysia and Singapore

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Testing Hecksher Ohlin Theory : Evidence From Singapore In 1991-2016

Testing Hecksher Ohlin Theory : Evidence From Singapore In 1991-2016

Essays on modern economic issues in international trade, exchange rates and housing

The Effects of Exchange Rate Change on the Trade Balance of Slovakia

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