“…In many previous studies (see, for instance, Renaud et al, 1997;Case-Shiller, 1989;Gallin, 2006 and2008;Kallberg et al, 2003;Hwang et al, 2006;Hamilton-Schwab, 1985;Phillips, 1988;Capozza-Seguin, 1996;Meese-Wallace, 1994;Baol-Feng, 2018), it has been assumed that asset markets, including the housing market, operate efficiently. Under this assumption, the intrinsic value of a house is calculated as the present value of the rental flows discounted by the effective interest rate (interest rate adjusted for the rental increase rate).…”