Testing the effect of sustainable energy and military expenses on environmental degradation: evidence from the states with the highest military expenses

Isiksal, Aliya Zhakanova

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11735-7

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It also estimates their relationships in the short- and long-run. Therefore, this technique allowed the researcher to obtain more reliable, unbiased, and accurate results than the previous studies of Clark et al ( 2010 ), Bildirici ( 2016b , 2017a , b , c , 2018a , b ), Solarin et al ( 2018 ), Sohag et al ( 2019 ), Sohag et al ( 2021 ), Ahmed et al ( 2020a ), 2021a , Isiksal ( 2021 ), Gokmenoglu et al ( 2021 ), Ullah et al ( 2021 ), Wang et al ( 2021 ), and Bildirici and Kayıkçı ( 2022 ). The researcher also applied a frequency domain Granger causality technique to test the causality relationship between the variables under investigation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Isiksal ( 2021 ) investigated the environmental degradation effects of energy and military expenditure among the highest military spenders in the world from 1993 to 2017. The study employed both the common and dynamic correlated effects mean group estimator (CCEMG) and cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) techniques.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CO2 emissions-energy consumption-militarisation-growth nexus in South Africa: evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations

Saba

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study draws ardent attention to the Sustainable Development Goal 13 (climate change mitigation) of the United Nations by investigating the CO 2 emissions-energy consumption-militarisation-economic growth nexus for South Africa (SA) from 1960 to 2019. The researcher applied frequency domain causality and the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation approaches to achieve the research objective. The main findings reflected that (i) there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables; (ii) there is no causality between militarisation and energy consumption; (iii) unidirectional causality runs from militarisation to economic growth; (iv) there is no causality between militarisation and CO 2 emissions; and (v) unidirectional causality runs from energy consumption to economic growth. The dynamic ARDL simulations’ main results suggest that (i) in the short-run, a positive and insignificant relationship exist between militarisation and CO 2 emissions. Conversely, a negative and significant relationship was recorded in the long-run. Thus, the treadmill theory of destruction is not valid for SA. (ii) In the short-run, economic growth has a positive and significant impact on CO 2 emissions, while in the long-run, economic growth has a negative and significant impact on CO 2 emissions. This implies the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis holds for SA. Overall, this research suggests a synergy between defence, energy, growth, and environmental policies in the short- and long-run to promote and maintain environmental quality in SA.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 emissions-energy consumption-militarisation-growth nexus in South Africa: evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations

Saba

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Though in the existence of cross-sectional influences, the CADFT is frequently recommended over conventional unit root tests for accurate outputs (Isiksal, 2021). To address the challenges inherent with CSD (Pesaran, 2006), suggested a factor modeling paradigm wherein cross-sectional statistics are replaced with undetected common components (Okumus et al, 2021).…”

Section: Panel Unit Root Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is green and sustainable technological innovation a potential driver of environmental performance? an empirical investigation across the ASEAN region

Rehman

Holý

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental degradation is a significant concern that jeopardizes global sustainable production and consumption. In this instance, ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) has contributed to a considerable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions throughout the modernization phase. However, there is a paucity of information within this region on the non-linear impact of transitions in green and sustainable technological innovation on CO2 emissions. In response, the present work endeavors to bridge the existing research gap by examining the asymmetrical and periodic interactions between green and sustainable technological innovation and CO2 emissions by employing cross-sectional time series data of 7-ASEAN economies over the period 1990 to 2017. The co-integrating connections between the specified parameters were established using the Wester-Lund cointegration technique. Further, the Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag estimator revealed that negative disruptions in green and sustainable technological innovation lead to CO2 emissions during downturns. Secondarily, the findings confirmed positive surges in green and sustainable technological innovation minimize CO2 emissions during times of economic expansion. Also, as compared to foreign direct investment, current statistics indicate that renewable energy utilization seems to have a substantial impact on reducing carbon emissions. Besides, the robustness analysis corroborated the uniformity and validity of the given outcomes. Consequently, the outcomes divulged a counter-cyclical interaction between green and sustainable technological innovation and CO2 emissions.

show abstract

“…Militarism is the third component of Mills' theory that works in tandem with politics to achieve economic goals [38]. The treadmill theory of destruction arose as a result of capitalistic powers' inability to reduce ongoing military activities and expenditures, resulting in a crowding out effect between military and consumer goods, which justifies negative environmental externalities and significant deterioration of economic and natural resources [39]. The study was based on the 'treadmill of destruction/production (theory)' in the context of Indian economy.…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The defense and peace literature have focused mainly on the military-growth nexus, with little attention paid to the environmental sustainability agenda, which is impacted by increased global arms transfers. The supply of lead-containing ammunition generates complex gas mixtures (including CO2 emissions) and particulates that harm the healthcare sustainability agenda. Based on the significance of the subject matter, the study uses the Indian economy as a case study, with a significant rate of arms transfers associated with higher carbon emissions. The study analyzed data from more than four decades, from 1975 to 2020. Data on arms imports, military personnel, and military expenditures are used to evaluate the ‘ammunition emissions function’. It corresponds to the three research hypotheses, namely, the ‘emissions-defense burden hypothesis’ (arms transfers increase carbon emissions), the ‘emissions-cleaner hypothesis’ (arms transfers reduce carbon emissions), and the ‘emissions-asymmetric hypothesis’ (positive and negative shocks of arms transfers either support the ‘defense burden hypothesis’ or ‘cleaner hypothesis’). The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) results confirmed the ’emissions-defense burden hypothesis‘ in the long run, as positive and negative shocks from arms imports increase carbon emissions. However, in the short run, positive arms imports increase carbon emissions while negative arms imports decrease carbon emissions. Furthermore, the findings supported the ’emissions-cleaner hypothesis‘ in the relationship between armed forces personnel and carbon emissions. The findings imply that the positive and negative shocks experienced by armed forces personnel reduce carbon emissions in the short and long run. Positive shocks to military spending support the ’emissions-defense burden hypothesis‘ in the short run; however, the results vanished when negative shocks to military spending supported the ’emissions-spillover hypothesis‘ (lowering military spending reduces carbon emissions and increases economic productivity) in the short and long run. The country’s unsustainable economic activities are viewed as a negative factor contributing to long-term carbon emissions increases. The negative shocks of armed forces personnel and positive arms imports would almost certainly have a significant long-term impact on carbon emissions. As a result, the ‘treadmill theory of destruction’ has been confirmed in a country. The study concludes that lead-free ammunition and managing ammunition safety are beneficial to a country’s environmental sustainability agenda.

show abstract

Testing the effect of sustainable energy and military expenses on environmental degradation: evidence from the states with the highest military expenses

Cited by 52 publications

References 52 publications

CO2 emissions-energy consumption-militarisation-growth nexus in South Africa: evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations

CO2 emissions-energy consumption-militarisation-growth nexus in South Africa: evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations

Is green and sustainable technological innovation a potential driver of environmental performance? an empirical investigation across the ASEAN region

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About