Testing the Effectiveness of International Norms: UN Humanitarian Assistance and Sexual Apartheid in Afghanistan

Verdirame, Guglielmo

doi:10.1353/hrq.2001.0043

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At present, the United Nations is maintaining a large-scale operation in an Asian country, having allotted some $100 million of humanitarian help in 1998 or regarding 1/2 of the whole humanitarian aid to an Asian country, the remainder being provided by NGOs. (Verdirame, 2001) As we've seen, America's postwar grand strategy has systematically targeted supporting and promoting the liberal order when the precise nature and degree of that support have evolved over time. This approach of modification, debate, and adaptation at intervals of continuity has been a good framework for selection in U.S. grand strategy thus far; it represents a helpful framework for selection moving forward furthermore.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall of Kabul: A Critical Analysis of The Failure of the American’s Liberal Norms

Bilal¹

2022

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The objective of the study is to examine the degree of failure factors of the phenomena of American Liberal norms in Afghanistan. Under the backdrop of the Doha agreement on 15 August 2021, the fall of Kabul accrued, Taliban entered Kabul without confrontation from the Afghan military forces. A qualitative method for in-depth analysis was employed, using questionnaire technique. America spending almost a trillion dollars, two decades presence with more than seven lac allied military forces, failed to cultivate liberal values in afghan society. This study concludes that neither liberal norms/ values nor did the democratic process take roots because, values were superficial, creating synthetic, and engineered civil society. Hence, the Free Market economy neither has benefits for the grass root level nor provides sustainable development. This study recommends that Liberal norms should always be introduced in its true sense, keeping in view of the native culture, traditions as well as its compatibility.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall of Kabul: A Critical Analysis of The Failure of the American’s Liberal Norms

Bilal¹

2022

JDSS

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“…Little wonder, then, that great resentment and frustration exists among women pushed aside, by nationals and internationals alike, as non-essential partners in post-conflict reconstruction (Rehn & Sirleaf, 2002;Bouta & Frerks, 2002;Cockburn & Zarkov, 2002;Bennett, Bexley & Warnock, 1995). This utter failure of the international development community to consider women, because of its own patriarchal constraints and norms, has been particularly strikingly in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan (Abdela, 2000;Lindsey, 2001;Verdirame, 2001;Mertus, 2000;Cockburn & Zarkov, 2002). A juxtaposition of the overwhelming numbers of women involved in grassroots peace movements worldwide with the parsimonious financial support and credibility allocated by the international development community to these women is stunning.…”

Section: Implications For Post-conflict Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict, Gender, Ethnicity and Post-Conflict Reconstruction

Handrahan

2004

Security Dialogue

117

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This article introduces the concept of ethnicity in relation to gendered security problems in conflict and post-conflict settings. Feminist research has established that men and women experience conflict and post-conflict situations differently owing to issues of identity and power. National and gendered identities and women's disadvantageous location within global and local power structures combine to put women at risk, while simultaneously providing little room for them to voice their security problems. Theories on women as female boundary-makers show how ethnicity appears in part to be created, maintained and socialized through male control of gender identities, and how women's fundamental human rights and dignity are often caught up in male power struggles. In post-conflict settings, gender construction appears to be further complicated by both national agendas of identity formation and re-formation, which often include an ethnic focus, and the presence of a competing 'fraternity' as a consequence of the arrival of the international community.

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“…However, due to the expansion of media group and groups of women rights organizations and prevailing forms of mobility have perceived the dilemma vigilantly and hence awareness have reached to affected areas to a certain extent with such efforts. 21 It is evenly regretful that women face severe forms of aggression against them if they agitate to observe their rights and hence phenomenon of honour killing increases in direct proportion to the rise in the awareness of rights of women by them. 22 The international human rights activists address honour based crimes against women in the perspective of domestic violence and is regarded as crime against women in families or communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/201

Khan

Awan²

2021

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The honour based violence comprises homicide as well as assault, rape, confinement, acid attacks, forced marriage, and female infanticide. The causal effect to maintain honour is attached to behavior of women that triggers perturbation in existing norms of a society. Therefore, it becomes a subject of domestic domain rather than state quarters, and it is not specific to certain societies. The word ‘honour’ stemmed out from the Latin word ‘honos’, which means worthiness of a person or a group in a society. Later on, it implied adverse assumption of maintaining it through women’s behaviors. The killings are carried out due to eloping and court marriage, rape, premarital sex, sexual association, and adultery etc. The contributing factors of honour killing are attached to social dynamics of a society and significance arises to explore relating key features in the light of Islamic injunctions and global legislations. Such features have been more explicitly addressed by private sector as compared to public sector. The United Nations emphasized upon consideration of honour killing issues under the public sphere for tangible outcomes. In Pakistan, the governmental sectors include Ministry of Women, Ministry of Law, Council of Islamic Ideology, and Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan, while private sectors include NGOs, women right activists, civil societies, media, and public at large. As such, it is outcome of joint efforts that now, there exist innovative laws promulgated in Pakistan, which address honour killing as exclusively punishable phenomenon. The honour killing takes place with regard to three dimensions including honour killing on the pretext of illicit relations, honour killing as punishment for seeking divorce, and honour killing as a result of rape. These dimensions define various parameters causing honour killing depending upon intensity of parameters to account for levels of provocation and accusations.

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Testing the Effectiveness of International Norms: UN Humanitarian Assistance and Sexual Apartheid in Afghanistan

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Fall of Kabul: A Critical Analysis of The Failure of the American’s Liberal Norms

Fall of Kabul: A Critical Analysis of The Failure of the American’s Liberal Norms

Conflict, Gender, Ethnicity and Post-Conflict Reconstruction

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/201

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