Testing the Habituation-Based Model of Exposures for Child and Adolescent Anxiety

Peterman, Jeremy S.; Carper, Matthew M.; Kendall, Philip C.

doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1163707

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In contrast, the protocol evaluated in the present study emphasizes in-session exposures as a key component of the treatment. Prior work has shown that significant clinical improvement follow the introduction of exposure tasks during therapy (Peris et al, 2015) and are essential to treatment success (Bouchard, Mendlowitz, Coles, & Franklin, 2004; Hudson, 2005; Peterman, Carper, & Kendall, 2016; Rapee, Wignall, Hudson, & Schniering, 2000; Öst, Svensson, Hellstrom, & Lindwall, 2001). Assigning exposures solely as a homework exercise as opposed to a task to be completed under the guidance of the therapist in session, means that it is more difficult to know whether the child actually completed the exposure tasks and how well they were done.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive–behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: An effectiveness evaluation in community practice.

Villabø

Narayanan

Compton

et al. 2018

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Among anxiety disordered children, both individual and group CBT can be effectively delivered in community clinics. Response rates were similar to those reported in efficacy trials. Although GCBT was more effective than ICBT for children with SOC following treatment, both treatments were comparable at 2-year follow-up. Dropout rates were lower in GCBT than in ICBT, suggesting that GCBT may be better tolerated. Response rates continued to improve over the follow-up period, with low rates of relapse. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive–behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: An effectiveness evaluation in community practice.

Villabø

Narayanan

Compton

et al. 2018

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Self Cite

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“…There is now little support for within-session fear reduction, and stronger but mixed support for between-session fear reduction, as predictors of treatment outcomes in exposure therapy for adults (Asnaani et al, in press; Craske et al, 2008) and youth (Peterman, Carper, & Kendall, in press), as well as in written forms of exposure (Wisco, Baker, & Sloan, 2015). Further, there is some evidence that even clients who do not experience fear reduction over time can improve by learning to tolerate their distress and change the meaning of that distress (Bluett et al, 2014; Craske et al, 2008; Zvolensky, Vujanovic, Bernstein, & Leyro 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Constructive and Unproductive Processing of Traumatic Experiences in Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth

et al. 2017

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Although there is substantial evidence to support the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is some debate about how these treatments have their effects. Modern learning theory and cognitive and emotional processing theories highlight the importance of reducing avoidance, facilitating the constructive processing of feared experiences, and strengthening new inhibitory learning. We examined variables thought to be associated with unproductive and constructive processing of traumatic experiences in a sample of 81 youth with elevated PTSD symptoms, who received Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for abuse or traumatic interpersonal loss. Sessions during the trauma narrative phase of TF-CBT were coded for indicators of unproductive processing (overgeneralization, rumination, avoidance) and constructive processing (decentering, accommodation of corrective information), as well as levels of negative emotion. In previous analyses of this trial (Ready et al., 2015), more overgeneralization during the narrative phase predicted less improvement in internalizing symptoms at posttreatment and a worsening of externalizing symptoms over the 12-month follow-up. In contrast, more accommodation predicted improvement in internalizing symptoms and also moderated the negative effects of overgeneralization on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The current study examined correlates of overgeneralization and accommodation. Overgeneralization was associated with more rumination, less decentering, and more negative emotion, suggesting immersion in trauma-related material. Accommodation was Please address correspondence to Adele Hayes, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. ahayes@udel.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conflict of Interest No conflicts of interest HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript associated with less avoidance and more decentering, suggesting a healthy distance from traumarelated material that might allow for processing and cognitive change. Decentering also predicted improvement in externalizing symptoms at posttreatment. Rumination and avoidance showed important associations with overgeneralization and accommodation, respectively, but did not predict treatment outcomes. This study identifies correlates of overgeneralization and accommodation that might shed light on how these variables relate to unproductive and constructive processing of traumatic experiences. Key...

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“…Habituation is characterised by the decrease in arousal experienced from repeated exposure to a stimulus (Cyr & Romero, 25 LAY REPRESENTATIONS OF HABIT 2009;Thompson & Spencer, 1966). The process of habituation is purposefully used in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, whereby patients are repeatedly exposed to feared stimuli to reduce their fear arousal in the stimuli's presence (Cooper, Clifton, & Feeny, 2017;Peterman, Carper, & Kendall, 2019). However, a version of this process may similarly apply to everyday habitual behaviours, promoting the feeling of familiarity when performing the habitual behaviour and provoking a stress-response if not performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Investigation into the Representations of Habit by Lay People

Brown¹,

Morrissey²,

Ms³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objective: There is continued debate regarding the most useful and meaningful way to measure habit and how to form habits via intervention. To date, lay representations of habit have rarely been explored. Such understandings may provide clarity on how researchers might better define habit, develop valid measurements of habit, and evaluate habit-based interventions. This study aimed to explore how lay people represent habit, across two studies. Methods: Study 1 (N = 158) used an online, open-ended questionnaire to elicit what lay people believe to be the salient features of habit. Study 2 involved a series of interviews and focus groups (N = 27), to explore individual representations of habit. Results: Theoretical thematic content analysis across the two studies revealed that participants described habit by what it is (i.e., an explicit outcome or internal mechanism), by habit’s features (i.e., automatic, frequent, stable cue/context, and emotionally rewarding), and by how they evaluated habits (i.e., being both “good” and “bad”). When describing the characteristics of habitual behaviours, participants identified that habits were either simple, discrete behaviours; clustered, repetitive behaviours synonymous with routine; or a self-identity characteristic. Conclusions: Current findings indicate that lay people hold consistent and contradictory representations of habit. Largely, lay representations were similar to scientific conceptualisations, with some notable difference. Participants appeared to misunderstand the cue-based mechanism of habits, interchangeably used ‘habit’ with ‘routine’, and believed that habits were emotionally rewarding. Future research should focus on integrating the beliefs identified in this research with new measures of habit and habit interventions.

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Testing the Habituation-Based Model of Exposures for Child and Adolescent Anxiety

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

Cognitive–behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: An effectiveness evaluation in community practice.

Cognitive–behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: An effectiveness evaluation in community practice.

Constructive and Unproductive Processing of Traumatic Experiences in Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth

A Qualitative Investigation into the Representations of Habit by Lay People

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