Testing the hypothesis hydrogen jets may significantly contribute to global warming through jets contrails

Boretti, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.173

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A. Boretti stresses that, although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe; however, it is freely available on Earth only in negligible amounts, but splitting the water molecule to produce hydrogen requires huge energy input [97].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of environmentally friendly commercial aviation development ways

Tsukanov,

Yepifanov

2024

aktt

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The goal of this study is to identify effective directions to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions of commercial aviation. The subject matter of this research is to analyze ways known from literature to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions of commercial aviation: continued evolution (which includes a lot of various methods for partial reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with decreasing in fuel consumption), «net zero» (which includes the following methods: offsets and sustainable aviation fuel utilization), electric hybrid power plants (parallel, series, series/parallel, turboelectric, and partial turboelectric), «zero carbon» (replacing kerosene combustion with hydrogen combustion in modified gas-turbine engines), «true zero» (transition to electric cruise motors with hydrogen fuel cells or electric batteries). The tasks to be solved are as follows: learning of the ways and detection of advantages and problems from the point of view of efficiency, technical complexity, economy, ecology, and implementation possibility in conditions of limited funding. The methods used are: search of the corresponding information sources in the Internet and their analysis on the basis of operational experience in the aviation branch. The following results were obtained: in terms of found information sources, data about existing greenhouse gas emissions and their predictive estimations, history of international agreement development as for greenhouse gas emission reduction were briefly stated; actuality of this problem with a view to mitigate the environmental impact was stressed; and the advantages and problems, which should be solved to implement each of the considered ways, were summarized. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: 1) information from numerous sources of literature that clarifies classification, the advantages, and the problems that should be overcome for each ways implementation, was summed up in the review article; 2) additional inherent disadvantages, which are integral to some of the ways (low efficiency, high technical complexity, schedule delays, cost overruns, funding instability, doubts in their reasonability from ecological considerations), are shown as a result of analysis and historical analogy. The direction of the following research in this field is outlined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of environmentally friendly commercial aviation development ways

Tsukanov,

Yepifanov

2024

aktt

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“…However, hydrogen combustion does not produce aerosol particles which serve as nuclei for the ice crystals to form [13]. Recent studies from Burkhardt et al [18], Grewe et al [24], Boretti [43] suggest a lower contribution to global warming from hydrogen contrails due to the reduced number of soot. Some studies suggest that aerosol particles present in the air might also serve as nuclei [33].…”

Section: Hydrogen Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

Ortuño

Yin

Rao

et al. 2023

AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum

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As climate change aggravates, the aviation sector strives to minimize its climate footprint. To this end, international organizations, such as ICAO and ACARE, are promoting mitigation measures including novel technologies, operations, and energy carriers to reduce aircraft emissions significantly. Hydrogen (H 2 ) as an alternative fuel has the advantage of eliminating CO 2 and soot emissions and the potential to reduce NO 𝑥 emission substantially. Nevertheless, burning H 2 emits more H 2 O and increases the contrail formation probability. Therefore, the actual climate impact of hydrogen aircraft is still uncertain. This paper intents to evaluate the climate impact of a hydrogen powered aircraft considering the effects of H 2 O, NO 𝑥 , and contrails . To frame the contribution of each individual climate agent, the research compares a hydrogen and a kerosene aircraft with similar mission capabilities. To assess the climate impact, a modeling chain was developed including network selection, flight routes calculation, aircraft and propulsion performance, emissions prediction, and climate impact assessment. In total, 2.24 million flights covering 1128 city pairs were analyzed. The energy consumption of hydrogen aircraft is about 10% higher than that of the kerosene aircraft due to the larger wetted area for hydrogen storage. However, the average atmospheric temperature response caused by the hydrogen aircraft is 67% lower compared to the kerosene aircraft due to the absence of CO 2 , the lower radiative forcing of hydrogen contrails, and the reduction in NO 𝑥 emissions when assuming advanced hydrogen combustion technology. It was also observed that climate impact from hydrogen aircraft is more sensitive to flights over the tropics than to flights over the poles.

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 )-based aircraft , could be an alternative to hydrogen (H 2 )-based aircraft, − which are being proposed in a zero-emission target. The advantages of NH 3 stem from two features: the larger amount of energy per unit volume and the safety of NH 3 compared to H 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H 2 is being proposed as a fuel to be used in aircraft with turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, and propellers driven by piston engines, as well as in innovative electric propellers driven by batteries and FCs. − H 2 is also the preferred fuel for hypersonic propulsion, either rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) or turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) engines, combining rockets or turbojets with ramjets and scramjets, which, however, will be unlikely to be ready for use in commercial airline products within the next decade. Here we consider the possible use of NH 3 instead of H 2 or conventional hydrocarbon (HC) fuels in jet engines, propeller piston engines, and electric propellers driven by batteries and FCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

NH₃ Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030

Boretti¹,

Castelletto

2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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Testing the hypothesis hydrogen jets may significantly contribute to global warming through jets contrails

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of environmentally friendly commercial aviation development ways

Analysis of environmentally friendly commercial aviation development ways

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

NH₃ Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030

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Testing the hypothesis hydrogen jets may significantly contribute to global warming through jets contrails

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of environmentally friendly commercial aviation development ways

Analysis of environmentally friendly commercial aviation development ways

Climate Assessment of Hydrogen Combustion Aircraft: Towards a Green Aviation Sector

NH3 Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030

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Product

Resources

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NH₃ Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030