Testing the Moral Foundations Questionnaire within a Muslim society: a study among young adults in Pakistan

Akhtar, Nafees; Francis, Leslie J.; Village, Andrew; Sailer, Alison B.; Hasan, Syeda Salma; McKenna, Ursula

doi:10.1007/s40839-023-00195-z

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Notably, the study's findings also touched upon the impact of family system structures on caregiving stress, revealing no significant relationship between stress levels and whether the family was nuclear or joint. This observation is particularly relevant in the context of Pakistani society (35). While the nuclear family trend presents both challenges and advantages, it underscores the importance of robust social support systems for caregivers, an area that merits further exploration (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Demographic Characteristics, Stress and Emotion Regulation in the Caregivers of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Nasim,

Kausar,

Zaheer

et al. 2024

JHRR

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Background: Caregiving for elderly hemodialysis patients is a complex, multifaceted experience that demands considerable emotional and physical resources. The role of caregivers, predominantly female, involves managing the stress and emotional turmoil associated with the patient's chronic illness, which significantly impacts their well-being. Understanding the dynamics of caregiving is essential for developing supportive interventions that enhance caregiver and patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics, stress, and emotion regulation in caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. It sought to identify key factors that contribute to caregiver stress and to evaluate how prolonged caregiving affects caregivers' ability to regulate emotions. Methods: Employing a correlational research design, the study analyzed data from 60 caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to examine the relationships among variables, while demographic characteristics were assessed through descriptive statistics. The Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were administered to evaluate stress levels and emotion regulation capabilities, respectively. Results: The majority of caregivers were women (62%), with a significant proportion married (68%) and primarily in the age range of 35-50 years. A strong negative correlation was found between the duration of caregiving and KCSS total scores (r = -0.872, p < .001), indicating higher stress levels associated with longer caregiving durations. Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between the duration of caregiving and ERQ total scores (r = 0.380, p = .003), suggesting improved emotion regulation over time. The study also noted no significant relationship between family system types and stress levels. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of caregiving on stress and emotion regulation among caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. It underscores the need for comprehensive support systems that address both the informational and emotional needs of caregivers, thereby enhancing their coping mechanisms and overall well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Demographic Characteristics, Stress and Emotion Regulation in the Caregivers of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Nasim,

Kausar,

Zaheer

et al. 2024

JHRR

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“…Indeed, using the longer version of MFQ (30 items), a set of studies found support for the five-factor model over alternative models (as was the case of the original study (Graham et al, 2011)), although the model fit of the five-factor model was not optimal (see also Nilsson & Erlandsson, 2015;Yilmaz et al, 2016). Other studies, on the other hand, failed to identify the proposed five-factor structure (Akhtar, Francis, Village et al, 2023;Iurino & Saucier, 2020). We'll come back to this issue later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale: Assessing the Factorial Structure of the Dutch Translations

Buck¹,

Pauwels

2023

Psychologica Belgica

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The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) and the Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale (MFSS) have been proposed to advance conceptualizations of morality. This study assesses the factor structure of the Dutch translations of the short version of the MFQ (20 items) and the full MFSS. The five-factor model posited by Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) is compared against alternative models of morality. Correlational analyses are performed between the best-fitting models. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the optimal model is tested across gender. Data are taken from an online survey of a student sample (N = 1496). Results suggest that the Dutch translation of the MFQ20 does not converge on the proposed five-factor model. Conversely, MFSS subscales show good model fit, but intercorrelations among the five subscales are high. Weak invariance is retained for MFSS but not for MFQ20. Overall, the present study shows that the Dutch version of the MFSS scale performs better than the MFQ20 in terms of scale reliability, fit indices, and measurement invariance testing. More methodological inquiries on MFSS are welcomed, whereas the use of the MFQ20 should be discouraged. Instead, researchers on moral foundations are encouraged to empirically test the psychometric properties of the recently revised MFQ-2, developed by the authors of MFT as a more accurate instrument for the conceptualization of morality.

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“…Another study in the United Kingdom also failed to replicate the five-factor model originally proposed by Graham et al (2011) and suggested that “compassion” and “traditionalism” may account for the structure of the MFQ-1 in the United Kingdom (Harper & Rhodes, 2021). A recent factor-analytic study with young Muslim adults in Pakistan also found that the MFQ-1 has psychometric limitations and cannot be reliably used to measure the original five moral foundations in Punjab (Akhtar et al, 2023).…”

Section: Mft and The Mfqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morality beyond the WEIRD: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures.

Atari,

Haidt,

Graham

et al. 2023

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Moral foundations theory has been a generative framework in moral psychology in the last 2 decades. Here, we revisit the theory and develop a new measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire-2 (MFQ-2), based on data from 25 populations. We demonstrate empirically that equality and proportionality are distinct moral foundations while retaining the other four existing foundations of care, loyalty, authority, and purity. Three studies were conducted to develop the MFQ-2 and to examine how the nomological network of moral foundations varies across 25 populations. Study 1 (N = 3,360, five populations) specified a refined top-down approach for measurement of moral foundations. Study 2 (N = 3,902, 19 populations) used a variety of methods (e.g., factor analysis, exploratory structural equations model, network psychometrics, alignment measurement equivalence) to provide evidence that the MFQ-2 fares well in terms of reliability and validity across cultural contexts. We also examined population-level, religious, ideological, and gender differences using the new measure. Study 3 (N = 1,410, three populations) provided evidence for convergent validity of the MFQ-2 scores, expanded the nomological network of the six moral foundations, and demonstrated the improved predictive power of the measure compared with the original MFQ. Importantly, our results showed how the nomological network of moral foundations varied across cultural contexts: consistent with a pluralistic view of morality, different foundations were influential in the network of moral foundations depending on cultural context. These studies sharpen the theoretical and methodological resolution of moral foundations theory and provide the field of moral psychology a more accurate instrument for investigating the many ways that moral conflicts and divisions are shaping the modern world.

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Testing the Moral Foundations Questionnaire within a Muslim society: a study among young adults in Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Demographic Characteristics, Stress and Emotion Regulation in the Caregivers of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Demographic Characteristics, Stress and Emotion Regulation in the Caregivers of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale: Assessing the Factorial Structure of the Dutch Translations

Morality beyond the WEIRD: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures.

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