Testing the Risk-Disturbance Hypothesis in a Fragmented Landscape: Nonlinear Responses of House Sparrows to Humans

Fernández‐Juricic, Esteban; Sallent, Ángel; Sanz, Rubén; Rodríguez-Prieto, Iñaki

doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0316:ttrhia]2.0.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Crossing this type of matrix would increase the risks of dispersal for species with low perceptual ranges and reluctant to move through an unsuitable matrix, such as habitat specialists (Opdam, 1991;Keitt et al, 1997;Fernández-Juricic, 2000c). The negative effects of human disturbance within wooded parks could be explained by the relationship between the frequency of human visitation (number of pedestrian per unit time per unit area) and the frequency of resource use (number of times per unit time per unit area birds make use of foraging, breeding, or roosting resources; Fernández-Juricic, 2000b, 2002bFernández-Juricic et al, 2003). Correlational and experimental evidence corroborates that high visitation levels within parks decrease the temporal and spatial availability of foraging and breeding resources throughout the breeding season (Fernández-Juricic et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative effects of human disturbance within wooded parks could be explained by the relationship between the frequency of human visitation (number of pedestrian per unit time per unit area) and the frequency of resource use (number of times per unit time per unit area birds make use of foraging, breeding, or roosting resources; Fernández-Juricic, 2000b, 2002bFernández-Juricic et al, 2003). Correlational and experimental evidence corroborates that high visitation levels within parks decrease the temporal and spatial availability of foraging and breeding resources throughout the breeding season (Fernández-Juricic et al, 2003). As human visitation becomes widespread in time and space within parks, the probabilities of extinction would increase and the chances of colonization would decrease (Fernández-Juricic, 2002b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling was repeated three times at each park, at 20-day intervals, with final values converted into rates of pedestrians per minute per hectare. I have not considered the effects of cats and dogs, as previous studies in this landscape have found them not to affect significantly different population parameters (Fernández-Juricic and Fernández-Juricic et al, 2003).…”

Section: Independent Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of forest specialists in an urban-fragmented landscape (Madrid, Spain)

Fernández‐Juricic

2004

Landscape and Urban Planning

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120

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Independent Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of forest specialists in an urban-fragmented landscape (Madrid, Spain)

Fernández‐Juricic

2004

Landscape and Urban Planning

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120

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“…We found that habitat composition was not significantly different between off-and on-trail areas; this suggests that a reduction in the proportion of suitable habitat available to birds may be underlying human-wildlife interactions in this habitat. However, future studies should rule out physical effects of disturbance (namely, soil compaction, soil erosion, and increase in trail width and depth; Deluca et al 1998;McDougall and Wright 2004;Roovers et al 2004) and explore this mechanism experimentally (Ferná ndez-Juricic et al 2003) before reaching definite conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the mechanisms proposed to explain wildlife responses to recreationists predict that higher frequencies of human visitation reduce the spatial and temporal access to foraging and breeding resources, which could eventually lead to reductions in species occurrence and density if disturbance is prevalent in space and time (Gill et al 1996;Ferná ndez-Juricic 2002;Frid and Dill 2002;Ferná ndez-Juricic et al 2003). Therefore, we predicted a decrease in species richness, species diversity, relative density of guilds and individual species in highly visited areas controlling for differences between study sites, habitat structure, and altitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Avian responses to tourism in the biogeographically isolated high Córdoba Mountains, Argentina

Heil¹,

Fernández‐Juricic

Renison³

et al. 2006

Biodivers Conserv

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Species do not respond identically to the presence of humans, and this may have consequences at higher-levels of ecological organization. We established bird transects on and off recreational trails in the high Có rdoba Mountains of Argentina, a biogeographic island characterized by high levels of endemism, to examine the effect of human visitation at three different levels: (a) community (avian species richness and diversity), (b) guild (relative density of carnivores, granivores, insectivores, and omnivores), and (c) population (relative density of individual bird species). Human presence in the high Có rdoba Mountains decreased avian species richness and diversity, and reduced insectivorous relative density, but we did not detect significant effects on granivores, omnivores, and carnivores. At the population level, 6 of 28 species were negatively affected by human visitation; four of these species are of conservation concern. Our results show negative responses to recreationists at multiple levels (e.g., reductions in density, displacement of species from highly visited areas), which may be related to spatial and temporal access to suitable resources, physical disturbance or species-specific tolerance thresholds. Our study area had lower levels of human visitation relative to other protected areas in

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Nonmotorized recreation and motorized recreation in shrub‐steppe habitats affects behavior and reproduction of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos)

Spaul

Heath

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Different forms of outdoor recreation have different spatiotemporal activity patterns that may have interactive or cumulative effects on wildlife through human disturbance, physical habitat change, or both. In western North America, shrub‐steppe habitats near urban areas are popular sites for motorized recreation and nonmotorized recreation and can provide important habitat for protected species, including golden eagles. Our objective was to determine whether recreation use (i.e., number of recreationists) or recreation features (e.g., trails or campsites) predicted golden eagle territory occupancy, egg‐laying, or the probability a breeding attempt resulted in ≥1 offspring (nest survival). We monitored egg‐laying, hatching and fledging success, eagle behavior, and recreation activity within 23 eagle territories near Boise, Idaho, USA. Territories with more off‐road vehicle (ORV) use were less likely to be occupied than territories with less ORV use (β = −1.6, 85% CI: −2.8 to −0.8). At occupied territories, early season pedestrian use (β = −1.6, 85% CI: −3.8 to −0.2) and other nonmotorized use (β = −3.6, 85% CI: −10.7 to −0.3) reduced the probability of egg‐laying. At territories where eagles laid eggs, short, interval‐specific peaks in ORV use were associated with decreased nest survival (β = −0.5, 85% CI: −0.8 to −0.2). Pedestrians, who often arrived near eagle nests via motorized vehicles, were associated with reduced nest attendance (β = −11.9, 85% CI: −19.2 to −4.5), an important predictor of nest survival. Multiple forms of recreation may have cumulative effects on local populations by reducing occupancy at otherwise suitable territories, decreasing breeding attempts, and causing nesting failure. Seasonal no‐stopping zones for motorized vehicles may be an alternative to trail closures for managing disturbance. This study demonstrates the importance of considering human disturbance across different parts of the annual cycle, particularly where multiple forms of recreation have varying spatiotemporal use patterns that create human–wildlife interactions.

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Testing the Risk-Disturbance Hypothesis in a Fragmented Landscape: Nonlinear Responses of House Sparrows to Humans

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of forest specialists in an urban-fragmented landscape (Madrid, Spain)

Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of forest specialists in an urban-fragmented landscape (Madrid, Spain)

Avian responses to tourism in the biogeographically isolated high Córdoba Mountains, Argentina

Nonmotorized recreation and motorized recreation in shrub‐steppe habitats affects behavior and reproduction of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos)

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