Testing the self-medication hypothesis of depression and aggression in cannabis-dependent subjects

Arendt, Mikkel; Rosenberg, Raben; Fjordback, Lone; Brandholdt, Jack; Foldager, Leslie; Sher, Leo; Munk‐Jørgensen, Povl

doi:10.1017/s0033291706009688

Cited by 105 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, it should be considered that patients with primary depressive symptoms are at a higher risk of using cannabis (Feingold, Weiser, Rehm, & Lev-Ran, 2015), and could use cannabis to improve their mood (Arendt et al, 2007;Kandel & Chen, 2000;Kandel, Davies, Karus, & Yamaguchi, 1986;Miller-Johnson, Lochman, Coie, Terry, & Hyman, 1998). However, it has also been suggested that the direction of this relationship is inverse, in other words, cannabis use would increase the risk of depression and anxiety, with the decrease in motivation associated with use being a symptom of depression (Bovasso, 2001;Fergusson et al, 2002;Rey & Tennant, 2002).…”

Section: Cannabis Use Mood and Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review

Roncero

Palma-Álvarez

Barrau

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Both an early cannabis use onset and the amount used contribute to the risk of suffering mental disorders in adulthood. Objective. Review longitudinal studies conducted on adolescents associating early cannabis use with the subsequent occurrence of mental disorders. Method. A search was conducted in PubMed until December 2016, focusing on longitudinal researches and prioritizing studies that clearly distinguished between an early and late onset of cannabis use. To achieve the objective, the word "cannabis" was used in combination with the main psychiatric diseases. A manual search of articles that appeared in the references was also conducted. Results. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, but only five studies discriminated clearly between early and late onset of cannabis use. An association was found between early onset of cannabis use and mental disorders, particularly psychosis. The information regarding affective and anxiety disorders is more controversial. Discussion and conclusion. Early onset of cannabis use is associated with mental disorders, especially psychosis. Prevention plans for cannabis use in adolescents should be developed in order to decrease the risk of mental disorders.

show abstract

Section: Cannabis Use Mood and Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review

Roncero

Palma-Álvarez

Barrau

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the hypothesis that depressed individuals use Cannabis as a mean of self-medication proposed by preclinical studies [58] has not been fully supported by clinical data yet [59,60]. By contrast, some data support the hypothesis that Cannabis use precipitates depression [61][62][63][64][65], where genetic and environmental factors could play a pivotal role [66][67][68].…”

Section: Cannabis Endocannabinoid System and Depression: Clinical Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Depression: from Preclinical to Clinical Evidence

Micale

Tabiová

Kučerová

et al. 2015

Cannabinoid Modulation of Emotion, Memory, and Motivation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) works as pro-homeostatic and pleiotropic signaling system activated in a time-and tissue-specific way during physiological conditions, which include cognitive, emotional and motivational processes. It is composed of two G protein-coupled receptors (the cannabinoid receptors types 1 and 2 [CB1 and CB2] for marijuana's psychoactive ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC]), their endogenous small lipid ligands (anandamide [AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG], also known as endocannabinoids), and the proteins for endocannabinoid biosynthesis and deactivation. Data from preclinical and clinical studies have reported that a hypofunction of the endocannabinoid signaling could induce a depressive-like phenotype; consequently, enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling could be a novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of depression. To this aim there have been proposed cannabinoid receptor agonists or synthetic molecules that inhibit endocannabinoid degradation. The latter ones do not induce the psychotropic side effects by direct CB1 receptor activation, but rather elicit antidepressant-like effects by enhancing the monoaminergic neurotransmission, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and normalizing the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, similarly as the standard antidepressants. The dysfunction of elements belonging to the ECS and the possible therapeutic use of endocannabinoid deactivation inhibitors and phytocannabinoids in depression is discussed in this chapter.

show abstract

“…Moreover, a further implication of these findings is that the goal of treatment should be abstinence for the illicit substances most predictive of IPV, rather than merely a reduction in the use of such substances. However, further research is needed to determine whether the most productive targets for intervention should be personality factors associated with drug use (e.g., anger and poor self-regulation; Arendt et al, 2007) or drug use itself. Overall, findings suggest that the role of alcohol problems in IPV perpetration may not be as strong as has previously been considered, because of the role of antisocial behavior and to polysubstance use.…”

Section: Limitations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of substance use problems with intimate partner violence for at-risk men in long-term relationships.

Feingold

Kerr

Capaldi

2008

Journal of Family Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Associations of men's substance use problems-defined as meeting at least one criterion of dependence on each of a number of substances by the mid-20s-and their perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined in an at-risk community sample of 150 men in long-term relationships from late adolescence to the late 20s. Men who had a problem with substances other than sedatives (especially cannabis and hallucinogens) committed more IPV than did men without such problems. Most of the men who had a problem with marijuana also had an alcohol problem, explaining why alcohol was found to have only an indirect association with IPV. The failure of previous alcohol-use studies to control for co-occurrence of alcohol and marijuana problems may explain the discrepancy with conclusions from past research that alcohol problems contribute directly to the perpetration of IPV. Keywordsat-risk sample; substance abuse; intimate partner violence Substance use frequently has been considered a contributing factor to intimate partner violence (IPV). A study of police visits to domestic violence scenes found that 92% of perpetrators had used alcohol or other drugs on the day of the incident (Brookoff, O'Brien, Cook, Thompson, & Williams, 1997). Furthermore, 40-60% of married or cohabitating patients entering substance-abuse treatment reported at least one episode of IPV in the prior year (reviewed in Fals-Stewart & Kennedy, 2005). The associations of problem use of specific substance with IPV, especially while accounting for polysubstance use, have still not been well established. Associations of Specific Substances with IPVIt is generally believed that there is a direct contribution of alcohol problems to IPV (Thompson & Kingree, 2006). Mechanism by which substance use may contribute to perpetration of violence include disinhibition associated with intoxication as well as expectations (e.g., Arseneault, Moffitt, Caspi, Taylor, & Silva, 2000;Gelles & Cavanaugh, 2005). In addition, intoxication provides a more socially acceptable reason for violence than admission of aggression when judgment is unaffected by substances (Lennings, Copeland, & Howard, 2003).Findings regarding the connection of marijuana use and violence have been mixed, with some studies supporting a positive or negative association (e.g., Boles & Miotto, 2003; Friedman, (c) Terras, & Glassman, 2003) and others failing to find a link between the two (Lennings et al., 2003). Amphetamines have mood-altering effects, including irritability, aggression, and paranoid and psychotic states, which can be particularly severe depending on dosage and chronicity of use (see review by Boles & Miotto). Two studies based on related samples of methamphetamine users reported that paranoia and violence, most often in family and acquaintance relationships, were associated with use ).Previously, cocaine use had been found consistently to be associated with violence, including IPV. Boles and Miotto's (2003) review found similar mood-altering effects and violent states f...

show abstract

Testing the self-medication hypothesis of depression and aggression in cannabis-dependent subjects

Cited by 105 publications

References 54 publications

Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review

Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review

Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Depression: from Preclinical to Clinical Evidence

Associations of substance use problems with intimate partner violence for at-risk men in long-term relationships.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About