Testing the Validity of Wagner's Law in Bolivia: A Cointegration and Causality Analysis With Disaggregated Data

Abstract

Nine versions of Wagner's law are examined employing annual time-series data on Bolivia for the period

Pengeluaran Pemerintah Dan Perkembangan Perekonomian (Hukum Wagner) Di Negara Sedang Berkembang: Tinjauan Sistematis

“…Hubungan antara ukuran pemerintah dengan perkembangan ekonomi perlu diteliti karena hasil penelitian terkait kedua pandangan tersebut belum konklusif. Pandangan pertama dikenal sebagai hukum atau hipotesis Wagner, yang juga dikenal sebagai law of increasing (extension) state activities (Bojanic, 2013;Shams dan Murad, 2009). Terdapat penelitian yang menyatakan adanya hukum atau hipotesis tersebut, tetapi banyak juga penelitian yang tidak dapat membuktikan secara statistik Hukum Wagner tersebut.…”

“…Mengenakan pajak bisa mendistorsi perekonomian, menambah utang dapat mendesak keluar (crowding out) investasi swasta, dan mencetak uang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan inflasi (Dada, 2017). Menurut Wagner, terdapat tiga alasan pengeluaran pemerintah meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan perekonomian (Abu-Ubaideh, 2015;Bojanic, 2013;Dada, 2017;Furuoka dan Harvey, 2014;Grullon, 2014;Iyare dan Lorde, 2004). Pertama, pemerintah mengeluarkan biaya untuk menjalankan fungsi administrasi dan perlindungan, di mana dengan pertambahan penduduk terjadi peningkatan pengeluaran untuk menjalankan fungsi tersebut.…”

Economic Development and Government Spending: An Exploration of Wagner’s Hypothesis during Fifty Years of Growth in East Asia

“…Our empirical analysis proceeds as follow: (1) we begin with tests of unit roots in individual variables; (2) given the evidence in favor of a unit root in levels, the null hypothesis, we proceed to a preliminary graphical analysis comparing the temporal patterns for real output per capita with government share in each country; (3) we carry out formal tests of the Wagner's hypothesis by examining cointegration between government share and real output using the maximum likelihood procedure; (4) given the limited evidence in favor of cointegration using the maximum-likelihood procedure, we proceed to tests of cointegration using Gregory-Hansen's fully modified OLS, as well as Enders and Siklos's (2001) [13] procedure to judge the possibility of asymmetric adjustments. We address the concern about limited observations for each country by conducting panel cointegration tests of the kind proposed by Pedroni (2004) [14] by pooling the data across the six countries.…”

“…In particular, support for the law is reported by Bojanic (2013) [2] for Bolivia; by Magazzino (2010) [3] for Italy; by Kumar, et al (2012) [4] for New Zealand; by Ono (2014) [5] for Japan; and by Menyah and Wolde-Rufael (2013) [6] for Ethiopia. Similarly, Lamartina and Zaghini (2011) [7] and Magazzino (2012) [8] find support for the law using a panel data set on 23 OECD countries and the EU-27 countries, respectively.…”

Kamu Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Kırgızistan Örneği

“…4, No. 1-http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/usakoeyb/ Abdiyeva andÇetintaş -Cointegration andCausality Between Public Expendituıre andEconomic Growth: Bojanic (2013) Bolivya"da Wagner hipotezinin geçerliliğini 1994-2010 dönemi için eşbütünleşme testi ve hata düzeltme modellerini kullanarak araştırmıştır. Wagner hipotezinin dokuz versiyonunu kullanmış ve çalışmanın sonucunda altısında kamu harcamaları ile GSYİH arasında iki yönlü bir ilişki bulmuştur.…”