Testing to evaluate the suitability of waste forms developed for  electrometallurgically treated spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel for disposal  in the Yucca Mountain reporsitory.

Ebert, W. E.

doi:10.2172/881577

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is an attractive option because of the feasibility of synthesis at low temperatures (<200°C) to control iodine volatility and because the aluminosilicate framework of the sodalite is compatible with glass matrices used to encapsulate the sodalite crystallites. In addition, chlorosodalite, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 Cl 2 , has been studied extensively and has been proposed as the baseline mineral for the spent electrochemical salt waste that would be produced when reprocessing used nuclear fuel via the pyrochemical method . Iodosodalite, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 I 2 , has an iodide and four sodium cations in the β‐cage with a lattice constant of 9.009 Å.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of iodosodalite

et al. 2017

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The effects of six process variables were investigated on the hydrothermal growth of iodosodalite, Na8Al6Si6O24I2: pH (NaOH concentration), aging time, temperature, Al/Si ratio, precursors used (i.e., zeolite 4A, kaolinite, meta‐kaolin, colloidal silica, and sodium aluminate), and precursor concentration. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the structures, phase fractions, chemical state, and surface morphology of the synthesized products. Iodosodalite yield increased as aging time and pH increased. The crystallization of iodosodalite was favored in the temperature range 140°C‐180°C. Decreasing the Al/Si ratio by half increased the crystallization of basic cancrinite. Lowering the precursor concentration by adding water revealed the crystallization of nepheline hydrate I and a decrease in the sodalite fraction. Among the tested precursors, zeolite 4A yielded the highest mass fraction of iodosodalite in the synthesized powders. From the aging time and temperature variation experiments, the phase transformation of zeolite A→sodalite→cancrinite was observed. XPS and FTIR results showed the presence of only iodide but not iodate in the synthesized product. The crystallization of various minerals suggests that mechanisms for transport of the ions and formation of the aluminosilicate frameworks vary with hydrothermal conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of iodosodalite

et al. 2017

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“…At 710 Torr and 759.5 Torr of the reduced pressure, the starting temperatures of the salt vaporization were about 825 • C and 700 • C, respectively. The salt distillation was almost completed at a temperature below 1000 • C. According to previous reports, LiCl-KCl eutectic salts are distilled under a vacuum at approximately 1100 • C [16,17]. It was confirmed that the distillation temperature of the salt can be reduced further by a reduction in the pressure.…”

Section: Vacuum Distillation Of a Mixture Of Licl-kcl Eutectic Salts mentioning

confidence: 61%

Vacuum distillation of a mixture of LiCl–KCl eutectic salts and RE oxidative precipitates and a dechlorination and oxidation of RE oxychlorides

Eun

Yang

Cho

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The average corrosion rate as measured electrochemically on three pellets of nominally the same composition is 0.8(0.4) µm/y [2.7× 10 -5 g/(m 2 ⋅d)]. The dissolution rates for other metal alloy waste forms are similar at ~5 and ~0.2 μm/a at pH values of 2 and 9, respectively (Ebert 2005). The response to pH changes is also small above a pH of 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Epsilon Metal Summary Report FY 2011

Strachan¹,

Crum²,

Zumhoff³

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYThe Epsilon-metal (ε-metal) phase was selected in fiscal year (FY) 2009 as a potential waste form to immobilize the noble metals found in the undissolved solids, the soluble Tc, and the soluble noble metals, each resulting from proposed aqueous reprocessing. The ε-metal phase is observed in used nuclear fuel and in the uranium-bearing minerals in the natural reactors in Gabon, Africa, where the long-term corrosion behavior was demonstrated. This makes ε-metal a very attractive waste form.Last fiscal year, ε-metal was successfully fabricated by combining the five metals-Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd and Re (surrogate for Tc)-into pellets followed by consolidation with an arc melter. The arc melter produced fully dense samples with the epsilon structure. However, some chemistry differences were observed. The microstructure that resulted from arc melting had regions rich in Re and Mo, and others rich in Pd, while Ru and Rh were fairly uniform.

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Testing to evaluate the suitability of waste forms developed for electrometallurgically treated spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel for disposal in the Yucca Mountain reporsitory.

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Synthesis and characterization of iodosodalite

Synthesis and characterization of iodosodalite

Vacuum distillation of a mixture of LiCl–KCl eutectic salts and RE oxidative precipitates and a dechlorination and oxidation of RE oxychlorides

Epsilon Metal Summary Report FY 2011

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