Testing universality in critical exponents: The case of rainfall

Deluca, Anna; Puig, Pedro; Corral, √Ålvaro

doi:10.1103/physreve.93.042301

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Coming back to local event-size distributions, recent works have shown that these are indicative of universality as expected in the SOC framework [8][9][10]. The resulting rainevent-size distributions for several sites distributed worldwide are well approximated by power laws of similar exponents over broad fitting ranges, with differences only in the largescale cut-offs of the distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…For more details, see Ref. [8,10]. The signal directly measured is the rain rate, giving the "instantaneous" depth of precipitation at a point location every minute, with a resolution of 0.001 mm/hour.…”

Section: Rainfall Data and Soc Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the diversity of individual rain events, an array of statistical measures presents strong statistical regularities [5][6][7][8][9][10], giving support to the hypothesis that atmospheric convection and precipitation may be a real-world example of self-organized criticality (SOC) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Data-driven prediction of thresholded time series of rainfall and self-organized criticality models

2015

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We study the occurrence of events, subject to threshold, in a representative SOC sandpile model and in high-resolution rainfall data. The predictability in both systems is analyzed by means of a decision variable sensitive to event clustering, and the quality of the predictions is evaluated by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method. In the case of the SOC sandpile model, the scaling of quiet-time distributions with increasing threshold leads to increased predictability of extreme events. A scaling theory allows us to understand all the details of the prediction procedure and to extrapolate the shape of the ROC curves for the most extreme events. For rainfall data, the quiet-time distributions do not scale for high thresholds, which means that the corresponding ROC curves cannot be straightforwardly related to those for lower thresholds. In this way, ROC curves are useful for highlighting differences in predictability of extreme events between toy models and real-world phenomena.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Rainfall Data and Soc Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Data-driven prediction of thresholded time series of rainfall and self-organized criticality models

2015

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“…These observations are necessary but not 10.1029/2018GL078837 sufficient conditions for SOC to hold. Although recent analysis did not confirm universality for critical exponents of rainfall as may be expected in other phase transitions between ordered (no rain, the off phases) and disordered (rainy or foggy, the on phases) states (Deluca et al, 2016), the SOC paradigm remains a pragmatic model for rainfall description (Pruessner, 2012). A similar analysis of fog events has yet to be conducted so as to understand possible connections between fog and rainfall occurrences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity in Fog and Rainfall Intermittency

Räsänen

Chung

Katurji

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Intermittent fog occurrences supply significant amounts of moisture to plants in the form of fog drip onto the soil surface thereby prompting interest in their statistical behavior at multiple timescales. A comparison of rainfall and fog measurements collected at an inland tropical cloud forest in Kenya and a coastal rangeland in Northern California is presented to explore whether fog occurrences have similar intermittency characteristics as rainfall. The results confirm that both rainfall and fog show approximate power law relations for distributions of dry period and event size consistent with predictions from self-organized criticality. Moreover, the spectral exponents of the on-off time series of the fog and rainfall exhibited an approximate f −0.8 over a broad range of frequencies f , which is remarkably close to scaling exponents across sites experiencing different rainfall generation mechanisms. These results suggest that fog intermittency shares some properties of critical behavior documented in numerous rainfall studies.Plain Language Summary Beyond rainfall, intermittent fog occurrence provides water subsidy that is needed for sustaining transpiration and photosynthesis in forests. To study the connections between fog formation and rainfall, a comparison of rainfall and fog occurrence statistics is carried out at two sites: a Kenyan inland cloud forest and a coastal forest in Northern California. For durations exceeding 1 day, rainfall and fog event sizes and dry periods appear similar. Due to these similarities, intermittency in fog occurrences may abide by general laws describing critical phenomenon.

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“…The first surveys of the intermediate-age clusters, which covered only a small percent of the cluster core areas, did not find any significant population of low-mass members, similar to what was found for the Pleiades. The first studies of the Coma open cluster (age∼ 500 Myr) showed that this cluster has a deficit of low-mass stars in comparison to the younger clusters (Deluca & Weis 1981;Odenkirchen et al 1998). The recent and deeper surveys of this cluster covered a larger field and were reaching into the substellar domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey for low-mass stellar and substellar members of the Hyades open cluster

Melnikov

Eislöffel

2018

A&A

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Context.Unlike young open clusters (with ages < 250 Myr), the Hyades cluster (age ∼ 600 Myr) has a clear deficit of very low-mass stars (VLM) and brown dwarfs (BD). Since this open cluster has a low stellar density and covers several tens of square degrees on the sky, extended surveys are required to improve the statistics of the VLM/BD objects in the cluster. Aims. We search for new VLM stars and BD candidates in the Hyades cluster to improve the present-day cluster mass function down to substellar masses.Methods. An imaging survey of the Hyades with a completeness limit of 21. m 5 in the R band and 20. m 5 in the I band was carried out with the 2k × 2k CCD Schmidt camera at the 2m Alfred Jensch Telescope in Tautenburg. We performed a photometric selection of the cluster member candidates by combining results of our survey with 2MASS JHK s photometry. Results. We present a photometric and proper motion survey covering 23.4 deg 2 in the Hyades cluster core region. Using optical/IR colour-magnitude diagrams, we identify 66 photometric cluster member candidates in the magnitude range 14. m 7 < I < 20. m 5. The proper motion measurements are based on several all-sky surveys with an epoch difference of 60-70 years for the bright objects. The proper motions allowed us to discriminate the cluster members from field objects and resulted in 14 proper motion members of the Hyades. We rediscover Hy 6 as a proper motion member and classify it as a substellar object candidate (BD) based on the comparison of the observed colour-magnitude diagram with theoretical model isochrones.Conclusions. With our results, the mass function of the Hyades continues to be shallow below ∼ 0.15M indicating that the Hyades have probably lost their lowest mass members by means of dynamical evolution. We conclude that the Hyades core represents the 'VLM/BD desert' and that most of the substeller objects may have already left the volume of the cluster.

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Testing universality in critical exponents: The case of rainfall

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Data-driven prediction of thresholded time series of rainfall and self-organized criticality models

Data-driven prediction of thresholded time series of rainfall and self-organized criticality models

Similarity in Fog and Rainfall Intermittency

A survey for low-mass stellar and substellar members of the Hyades open cluster

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