Testosterone and men’s stress responses to gender threats.

Caswell, T. Andrew; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Vandello, Joseph A.; Sellers, Jennifer Guinn

doi:10.1037/a0031394

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The gender threat (behavior recall task) had no effect on participants' self-views, suggesting that it failed to raise participants' gender status concerns. Past studies have typically used more direct, unambiguous means of manipulating gender status threats, such as offering men (bogus) negative feedback on an ostensible test of gender identity (e.g., Caswell et al, 2014;Vandello et al, 2008) or having them perform feminine activities (e.g., styling hair; Bosson et al, 2005). Thus, future research may benefit from using more potent manipulations of gender status threat to examine whether or not such threats exaggerate men's distancing from gender-atypical disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Atypical Mental Illness as Male Gender Threat

et al. 2015

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The present study examined whether men view gender-atypical (i.e., feminine) psychological disorders as threats to their gender status. Men and women ( N = 355) rated their expectations of gender status loss, feelings of distress, and help-seeking intentions in response to 10 different stereotypically masculine and feminine psychological disorders. Men as compared to women expected greater gender status loss for, and reported more distress to, gender-atypical versus gender-typical disorders. Expectations of gender status loss partially mediated the link between participant gender and distress at the thought of gender-atypical disorders. These findings suggest that feminine disorders pose more powerful gender status threats for men than masculine disorders do and that men’s expectations of gender status loss for feminine disorders drive their negative reactions to these mental illnesses. The discussion emphasizes the importance of considering the gender-typicality of disorders, and the implications of these findings for clinical interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Atypical Mental Illness as Male Gender Threat

et al. 2015

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“…Researchers argue that testosterone (T)-a widely studied sex hormone-has evolutionary relevance for human survival and sexual reproduction, and this appears to be especially true for men. For instance, research implicates baseline T, as well as acute changes in T, as a modulating factor in: human dominance and status seeking behaviour; decisions to compete with, or aggress against, same-sex individuals; resiliency to status threats; and mating behaviour-all of which have important implications for attracting mates, and fending off rivals (Archer, 2006;Carré & McCormick, 2008;Carré, Putnam, & McCormick, 2009;Caswell, Bosson, Vandello, & Sellers, 2014;Ehrenkranz, Bliss, & Sheard, 1974;Josephs, Newman, Brown, & Beer, 2006;Schaal, Tremblay, Soussignan, & Susman, 1996;Sellers, Mehta, & Josephs, 2006;Slatcher, Mehta, & Josephs, 2011).…”

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men's preferences for female facial femininity

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Ortiz

et al. 2016

Hormones and Behavior

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Correlational research suggests that men show greater attraction to feminine female faces when their testosterone (T) levels are high. Men's preferences for feminine faces also seem to vary as a function of relationship context (short versus long-term).However, the relationship between T and preferences for female facial femininity has yet to be tested experimentally. This thesis examined the causal role of T in modulating preferences for facial femininity across both short and long-term mating contexts, using two separate experiments. Results of Experiment 1 (within-subject design, n = 24)showed that participants significantly preferred feminized versus masculinized versions of women's faces. Further, participants showed a stronger preference for feminine female faces in the short-versus the long-term context after they received T, but not after they received placebo. Post-hoc analyses suggest that this effect was driven by a lower preference for feminine faces in the long-term context when on T relative to placebo.Results from Experiment 2 (between-subject design, n = 93) were highly consistent with those of Experiment 1: men demonstrated a significant preference for feminized female faces in the short-versus the long-term context after T, but not after placebo administration, and this effect was driven by lower preferences for feminine faces in the long-term context when on T relative to placebo. Collectively, these findings provide the first causal evidence that T modulates men's preferences for facial femininity as a function of mating context.

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“…Apart from the biosocial construction model (Wood and Eagly 2012), another potential explanation for why men tend to refrain from performing feminine-typed activities is the fear of not being perceived as manly enough. Manhood is built along the lines of agency and an anti-femininity mandate which discourages men to be involved in activities which are feminine and communal such as childcare and domestic work (Bosson and Vandello 2013;Caswell et al 2014;KosakowskaBerezecka et al 2016b;Schneider 2012). Avoiding housework can be thus one of the ways in which men compensate for threats to their masculinity and avoid negative appraisal from other society members who expect men to be manly and refrain from feminine tasks (Caswell et al 2014;KosakowskaBerezecka et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manhood is built along the lines of agency and an anti-femininity mandate which discourages men to be involved in activities which are feminine and communal such as childcare and domestic work (Bosson and Vandello 2013;Caswell et al 2014;KosakowskaBerezecka et al 2016b;Schneider 2012). Avoiding housework can be thus one of the ways in which men compensate for threats to their masculinity and avoid negative appraisal from other society members who expect men to be manly and refrain from feminine tasks (Caswell et al 2014;KosakowskaBerezecka et al 2016b). As a result, masculine partners do not take up enough share of gendered household obligations, which would allow women to be more visible in the labour market (Kosakowska-Berezecka et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De-gender them! Gendered vs cooperative division of housework – cross-cultural comparison of Polish and Norwegian students

et al. 2018

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Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, M age = 19.97) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, M age = 24.46) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, M age = 27.15) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, M age = 26.84 (SD = 10.87), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, M age = 47.02) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, M age = 49.38) we compared data concerning men's and women's perception of their and their partners' contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.

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Testosterone and men’s stress responses to gender threats.

Cited by 42 publications

References 70 publications

Gender-Atypical Mental Illness as Male Gender Threat

Gender-Atypical Mental Illness as Male Gender Threat

Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men's preferences for female facial femininity

De-gender them! Gendered vs cooperative division of housework – cross-cultural comparison of Polish and Norwegian students

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