Testosterone-“Regulon” in the Mouse Kidney

Urine and Kidney Epidermal Growth Factor: Ontogeny and Sex Difference in the Mouse

“…Thus both biochemical and morphological sexual dimorphism in SMG seem to develop at the same time. In contrast, kidneys, which also exhibit a number of sexual dimorphisms in the adult (25), showed no sex difference in relative weight or IR-EGF concentrations on day 26 (Fig. 4B).…”

A single base deletion in the Tfm androgen receptor gene creates a short-lived messenger RNA that directs internal translation initiation.

“…The testicular feminization (Tfm) mutation of the mouse (1) is the genetic disorder of androgen responsiveness (2,3) that has contributed most to the current ideas on the mechanisms of sex differentiation in mammals (see, e.g., ref. 4).…”

Gene duplication, mutation load, and mammalian genetic regulatory systems.

“…The wild-type lac-repressor protein of E. coli has a Km of 1-36 x 10-6 M towards an inducer (IPTG) and at this inducer concentration no induction occurs in permeaseless mutant E. coli. Half-maximal induction of three enzymes in the lac-operon occurs at 2 x 10 -4 M IPTG, and the maximal induction requires an inducer concentration greater than 10 -3 M (Gilbert and Muller-Hill, 1966 (Ohno et al, 1971;Dofuku et al, 1971a). There is a remarkable parallel between the lac-operon system of permeaseless E. coli and a regulatory system controlled by the X-linked Tfm locus of the mouse in this respect.…”