Tests for physical laws of draft force generated in tillage operations

Abstract

The article presents results of the testing of some physical laws of the phenomenon of interaction between soil and the working parts of agricultural machines destined to the soil tillage. The authors try, gradually, to clarify the quality of the approximation of the tillage draft forces of the tillage machines, offered by the multitude of mathematical models and their variants from the literature. The presented material reflects the situation that the authors consider to be characterized, apparently, by heterogeneity regarding the use of formulas for the draft soil tillage force. In essence, a disputed response between the practical and didactic utility is outlined, that is simple formulas (which are very particular, because they take into account few parameters of the phenomenon) that approximate very well the experimental values, vs. complex formulas, with a large number of parameters that characterize (explain) the phenomenon well, but which require a large number of data for application and have lower accuracy than simple formulas. A third way, also with great age, namely, that of statistical interpolation formulas, with high accuracy, but small generality, based on concrete experiences (which are difficult to generalize) and which often do not fully satisfy dimensionality requirements (for the physical correctitude). It is presented in the paper.

Superior Inferential Statistics of the Experimental Data of a Complex Experimental Cultivator

“…The dependence of some parameters of the dynamics of agricultural aggregates on the forward speed has been studied for many decades, with various solutions appearing in many publications (Letosnev, 1959;Moenifa et al, 2014;Cardei et al, 2019;Cardei et al, 2020;Ranjbar et al, 2013;Naderloo et al, 2009;ASAE, 2003 andMcKyes, 1985;Owen 1989;Larson, 1964;Fechete-Tutunaru et al, 2019;Cardei et al, 2023b;Damanauskas, Janulevicius, 2022;Dizaji, 2022;Karmarkar, Gilke, 2021;Askari et al, 2017;Al-Suhaibani, Ghaly, 2010;Elsheika et al, 2021;Deshpande, Shirwal, 2017;Saleh et al, 2021;Rashidi et al, 2013), for example. In general, the draft force depending on the main parameters that define the soil, the geometry of the working bodies, the mass of the machine, the forward speed, the working depth, and the working width was studied and modelled.…”

Analysis of the Dependence of Traction Resistance Force on Forward Speed for Tractor-Cultivator Aggregates

“…In particular, the experimental search for the dependence of the tillage draft force on the speed of advance of agricultural aggregates intended for soil processing began a few decades ago. Until then, the estimates of the traction force contained the contribution of the forward speed to the traction resistance force in simpler or more complicated analytical formulas, (Cârdei et al, 2023; Damanauskas & Janulevicis, 2022;Cardei et al, 2020;Cardei et al, 2019;Krasnicenko et al, 1964;McKyes E., 1985;Sandru et al, 1982;Sandru et al, 1983;Scripnic et al, 1979;Tecusan & Ionescu, 1982;Toma et al, 1978), purely theoretical or theoretical-empirical, (American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2023; Moeenifar et al, 2014), sometimes with complex theoretical relationships including the geometry of the machine and working parts, (Al-Neama & Hertzilius, 2017).…”

“…The relationship between tillage draft force and the forward speed has been investigated by many researchers, (Moeenifar et al, 2014;Ranjbar et al, 2013;Naderloo et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2017;Al-Shamiry et al, 2020;Damanauskas & Janulevicis, 2022;Cardei et al, 2020;Cardei et al, 2019;Elsheikha et al, 2021;Kushwaka & Linke, 1996;Gatea A.A., 2013;Oprescu et al, 2021;Odero A.J., 2019;Salahloo et al, 2021;Afify et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2020;Saleh et al, 2021;Al-Neama & Hertzilius, 2017;Okoko & Ajav, 2020;Askari et al, 2017) for example. Some of the authors note the efficiency with which the variance of the traction resistance force highlights the influence of the forward speed (Naderloo et al, 2009).…”

Soil moisture influence in the soil tillage operations

“…All these variants have certain converging ideas, such as the dependence of the draft force on the second power of the working speed, the depth and the working width, as well as on other parameters which, in one form or another, appear in different models. In [1] I tried to sketch a lot of the parameters that influence the process of interaction between the working organs of the tillage machines and the soil. The summary of the influential parameters is incomplete, especially since some of the parameters are not mechanical, being pedological (texture, structure, compaction and soil composition, for example, organic matter content).…”