Tests of Adhesive-Bonded Seams of Single-Ply Rubber Membranes

Rossiter, Walter J.

doi:10.1520/stp25724s

Cited by 11 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…When transducer no. 7 was used, the echoes were too broad, with considerable noise, to allow determination of the peak intensities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of the reinforcement in the membrane material on echo intensity 29 Table 7. Acoustic properties of materials used in the study 3 0 Focusing transducer and its focal distance ... 35 Figure 6. Seam specimen with voids incorporated in the adhesive layer 36 Figure 7.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, many studies have been conducted to investigate the factors affecting seam performance [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Destructive methods, primarily peel tests, have been proposed as an indicator of whether a field seam has been properly prepared [6,7,12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulse-echo ultrasonic evaluation of the integrity of seams of single-ply roofing membranes:

Watanabe¹,

Rossiter²

1990

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“…When transducer no. 7 was used, the echoes were too broad, with considerable noise, to allow determination of the peak intensities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulse-echo ultrasonic evaluation of the integrity of seams of single-ply roofing membranes:

Watanabe¹,

Rossiter²

1990

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“…It was a single sheet, about 10 years old, and had been covered with a talc-like release agent on both surfaces when manufactured. The surface of the sheet Was completely covered with a layer of dirt when removed from the roof.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaning of aged EPDM rubber roofing membrane material for patching:

Rossiter¹,

Nguyen²,

Byrd³

et al. 1991

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This study assessed the relative effectiveness of different surface cleaning methods used for preparing the surface of aged EPDM membranes for patching, and recommends procedures for use in the field.The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated using tests of short-term strength and long-term creep rupture in peel, and surface analytical techniques, namely, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. A section of an aged, ballasted EPDM membrane, sampled from a roof after 10 years in service, was used in the study.The majority of the cleaning methods evaluated was selected based on a review of procedures used in the field to prepare the surface of aged EPDM rubber before patching.Cleaning the aged EPDM rubber surface removed the bulk of the contaminants and resulted in an increase of the exposed surface area of the EPDM rubber. This resulted in a decrease in the rubber's wettability by water, and a concomitant gain in the peel strengths of joints made with the cleaned rubber. All cleaning methods used in the study provided aged EPDM rubber surfaces that formed joints having peel strengths comparable to those of seams formed in the field between solvent-based adhesives and new EPDM rubber.Short-term strength and creep-rupture joints, prepared by tape-bonding the surface of heptane-cleaned aged EPDM to a surface of well-cleaned new EPDM, failed at the interface between the tape and the new rubber. But, no relationships between contact angle and cleaning method were found. In particular, the contact angles measured using methylene iodide varied only slightly as a function of cleaning method. The FTIR technique could distinguish the uncleaned surface of the aged EPDM from those which were wellcleaned and/or coated during cleaning. No major differences between the FTIR spectra of the specimens cleaned using the various methods were observed. SEM analysis was the only technique that distinguished particle-free surfaces from those which retained particles after cleaning. The rate of spreading of dimethyl formamide (DMF) droplets on the surface of the aged EPDM rubber was found to relate to the degree of surface cleanness.Based on the results of this laboratory study on cleaning a section of an aged EPDM rubber membrane, it was concluded that such membrane materials may be suitably cleaned for patching. It was recommended that: (1) a number of cleaning methods may be used to prepare the surface of aged EPDM rubber membrane material before patching, and (2) the change in size over time of a droplet of DMF, placed on the aged EPDM rubber after cleaning, be used for preliminary assessment of the condition of the cleaned surface.

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Welding methods with reduced fire hazard for single‐ply polymer‐modified bituminous roofing materials

1994

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The Swedish Fire Protection Association, 115 87 Stockholm Fire accidents caused by the use of open gas torching during roof-installation work have led to considerable costs, and between 1985 and 1990 such costs reached 249 Million SKr. The Swedish Fire Protection Association together with the roofing contractors association reached agreement on the education and certification of roofers. Meanwhile, the insurance companies started to demand welding methods with lower temperatures and less tire hazard. This resulted in a marked decrease in fires and in a sharp decrease in the amounts paid out by insurance companies (187 million SKr in 1989, 25 million SKr in 1990 and 2.4 million SKr in 1991). This paper summarises the results of a study of the new welding methods, replacing conventional gas torching, for the installation of polymer-modified bituminous roofcoverings on flat roofs. In all eight different welding methods were evaluated in Stockholm during the installation in October 1992. Four different products of single-ply roof-coverings, namely one of atactic polypropylene (APP)-modified bitumen and three of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS)-modified bitumen, were studied. The study comprises temperature measurements during welding jobs on-site to evaluate fire hazard, and laboratory measurements of T-peel strength of the seams in order to evaluate the quality of the seam samples prepared on-site. The results showed that by these new welding methods a remarkable decrease in temperatures by weld was made without any significant change in the quality of the seams. However, the mechanical strength of the seam was related to welding speed, which should be limited to form sufficiently strong seams using heat welding.

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Tests of Adhesive-Bonded Seams of Single-Ply Rubber Membranes

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Pulse-echo ultrasonic evaluation of the integrity of seams of single-ply roofing membranes:

Pulse-echo ultrasonic evaluation of the integrity of seams of single-ply roofing membranes:

Cleaning of aged EPDM rubber roofing membrane material for patching:

Welding methods with reduced fire hazard for single‐ply polymer‐modified bituminous roofing materials

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