Tests of the Three-Path Mediated Effect

Taylor, Alasdair; MacKinnon, David P.; Tein, Jenn-Yun

doi:10.1177/1094428107300344

Cited by 1,006 publications

(875 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…B. Taylor, MacKinnon, & Tein, 2008). Both supported three-path mediation of the layoff effect through wage underemployment and job satisfaction, although we note that a relatively small proportion of the total effect operates through this causal chain (i.e., less than 1%).…”

Section: Mediationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover.

Davis¹,

Trevor²,

Feng³

2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

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While Bureau of Labor Statistics data reveal that U.S. employers laid off over 33 million employees since 1994, virtually no research has addressed the behavior of layoff victims upon reemployment. In a first step, we investigate how layoffs shape voluntary turnover behavior in subsequent jobs. Utilizing a recently developed fixed effects specification of survival analysis, we find that a layoff history is positively associated with quit behavior. This effect is partially mediated by underemployment and job satisfaction in the post-layoff job. The remaining indirect effect is consistent with the notion that layoffs produce a psychological spillover to postlayoff employment, which then manifests in quit behavior.We also find that layoff effects on turnover attenuate as an individual's layoffs accumulate and vary in magnitude according to the turnover "path" followed by the leaver. While Bureau of Labor Statistics data reveal that U.S. employers laid off over 33 million employees since 1994, virtually no research has addressed the behavior of layoff victims upon reemployment. In a first step, we investigate how layoffs shape voluntary turnover behavior in subsequent jobs. Utilizing a recently developed fixed effects specification of survival analysis, we find that a layoff history is positively associated with quit behavior. This effect is partially mediated by underemployment and job satisfaction in the post-layoff job. The remaining indirect effect is consistent with the notion that layoffs produce a psychological spillover to post-layoff employment, which then manifests in quit behavior. We also find that layoff effects on turnover attenuate as an individual's layoffs accumulate and vary in magnitude according to the turnover "path" followed by the leaver.Individual Layoff History and Voluntary Turnover ! 3Creating a More Quit-Friendly National Workforce? Individual Layoff History and Voluntary TurnoverOne of the standard mechanisms through which today's companies attempt to cope with competitive pressures is through downsizing (Cascio, 1993). The extent to and manner in which downsizing contributes to subsequent organizational performance is a complex issue, with scholars offering explanations for both positive (e.g., Love & Nohria, 2005) and negative downsizing effects (e.g., Trevor & Nyberg, 2008). What there is no dispute about, however, is the prevalence of downsizing in the U.S.-the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports over 30 million layoffs between 1994 and 2010, a figure that does not include small-scale layoffs (i.e., those displacing fewer than 50 employees). While layoffs are more numerous when firms are struggling economically (Cascio, 1993), company financial health, employee tenure, job performance, and industry all fail to protect American employees from the layoff axe (Cascio, 2002).Often lost in the analysis of layoffs and their effects on the companies that initiate them is that a majority of layoff victims ultimately find new jobs. In the aggregate, these millions of victims therefore ...

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Section: Mediationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover.

Davis¹,

Trevor²,

Feng³

2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

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“…Replicating our mediation analysis in study 3, a threepath mediation test (Taylor et al 2008) supports hypothesis 3, showing that perceived fit significantly mediates the effect of the frequency cue on relative usage frequency, which then mediates the effect of perceived fit on willingness to pay. Table 5 shows the three regressions required for the joint significance test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“….001 in the high-frequency condition). As shown in table 3, supporting hypothesis 3, a three-path mediation test (Taylor, MacKinnon, and Tein 2008) shows that perceived fit significantly mediates the effect of the frequency cue on perceived relative usage frequency, which then mediates the effect of perceived fit on product interest (to demonstrate three-path mediation, the joint significance test requires that b 1 , b 2 , and b 3 are all significant). In contrast, the frequency scale manipulation did not affect cost per usage inferences significantly (p 1 .25), suggesting that this is not the mechanism being invoked by the manipulation of the frequency scale.…”

Section: Perceived Fit and Cost Per Usage Inferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outpacing Others: When Consumers Value Products Based on Relative Usage Frequency

Hamilton¹,

Ratner²,

Thompson³

2011

J Consum Res

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. When considering the purchase of a new product, will consumers be more likely to make the purchase if they think about using it every day or if they think about using it every week? From an economic perspective, using a durable product more frequently should increase its perceived value. However, we show that perceived usage frequency relative to other consumers can influence product interest more than absolute usage frequency. In five studies, we use scale labels, advertisements, and customer reviews to invoke either a high-frequency or low-frequency norm. We show that high-frequency cues create less product interest and lower willingness to pay than low-frequency cues because consumers infer that their relative usage frequency will be lower, reducing the product's perceived fit. This effect is moderated by the consumer's perceived similarity to the standard of comparison and the consumer's own characteristics. The University of Chicago PressH ow do consumers decide whether to buy a durable good, and how much they are willing to pay for it? One factor they might consider during the decision process is how often they will use the product. In this article, we examine how cues suggesting that a product is expected to be used more or less frequently affect consumer interest in the product.

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“…Techniques are also available for analyzing complex multilevel mediation in which indirect effects occur in clustered data that include both between-groups and nested within-subjects measurements in the same analysis (Preacher, Zyphur, & Zhang, 2010). Researchers have now developed statistical procedures for testing the statistical significance of three-step path mediation, in which A  B  C  D (Taylor, MacKinnon, & Tein, 2008). In addition, researchers have developed statistical procedures for testing interactional hypotheses about ‚moderated mediation‛ (Preacher, Rucker, & Hayes, 2007), in which another independent variable influences the strength of a particular mediating mechanism, such that mediation is stronger under certain circumstances, for certain types of events, or for certain types of people, compared to others.…”

Section: Mediational Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Processes that Regulate Positive Emotional Experience: Unsolved Problems and Future Directions for Theory and Research on Savoring

Bryant¹,

Chadwick

Kluwe

2011

Intnl. J. Wellbeing

154

112

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. Understanding the processes that regulate positive emotional experience: Unsolved problems and future directions for theory and research on savoring. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(1),[107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] Abstract: In this paper, we focus on unanswered questions and future directions in positive psychology, with a special emphasis on savoring processes that regulate positive emotions. To advance our understanding of the savoring processes underlying positive experience, we highlight three unresolved issues that must be addressed: (1) discriminating the distinctive neuropsychological profiles associated with different savoring processes; (2) developing viable methods of measuring and analyzing the mediational mechanisms involved in real-time savoring; and (3) clarifying the developmental processes through which people acquire different strategies to savor positive experiences across the life span. We propose several potentially fruitful lines of attack aimed at addressing these unsolved problems, each of which requires new methods of assessment to advance theory and refine our conceptual understanding of savoring.

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Tests of the Three-Path Mediated Effect

Cited by 1,006 publications

References 28 publications

Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover.

Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover.

Outpacing Others: When Consumers Value Products Based on Relative Usage Frequency

Understanding the Processes that Regulate Positive Emotional Experience: Unsolved Problems and Future Directions for Theory and Research on Savoring

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