Tetanus Toxoid carrier protein induced T-helper cell responses upon vaccination of middle-aged adults

Heiden, Marieke van der; Duizendstra, Aafke A.; Berbers, Guy A. M.; Boots, Annemieke M. H.; Buisman, Anne‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.056

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Of note, we previously found that most participants possessed high prevaccination TT-specific antibody levels ( 4 ). Importantly, no direct correlation between the antibody responses to TT or the different polysaccharides and the strength or classification of the T cell response induced by the TT-carrier protein was observed ( 5 ). In this study, the similar prevaccination TT-specific antibody levels in the low and high responders, suggests that the prevaccination immunity against the TT carrier protein did not largely affect the immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we showed that a primary meningococcal vaccination, containing antigens toward which no or very low prevaccination immunity exists, was highly immunogenic in middle-aged adults ( 4 ). Moreover, we described the induction of T cell responses by the tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein that are in favor of efficient T cell help ( 5 ). Current research focusses on the identification of immune markers in older individuals to be able to predict the vaccine responders and non-responders ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Explorative Biomarker Study for Vaccine Responsiveness after a Primary Meningococcal Vaccination in Middle-Aged Adults

et al. 2018

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IntroductionPrevention of infectious diseases in the elderly is essential to establish healthy aging. Yet, immunological aging impairs successful vaccination of the elderly. Predictive biomarkers for vaccine responsiveness in middle-aged adults may help to identify responders and non-responders before reaching old age. Therefore, we aimed to determine biomarkers associated with low and high responsiveness toward a primary vaccination in middle-aged adults, for which a tetravalent meningococcal vaccine was used as a model.MethodsMiddle-aged adults (50–65 years of age, N = 100), receiving a tetravalent meningococcal vaccination, were divided into low and high responders using the functional antibody titers at 28 days postvaccination. A total of 48 parameters, including absolute numbers of immune cells and serum levels of cytokines and biochemical markers, were determined prevaccination in all participants. Heat maps and multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to reveal immune phenotype characteristics and associations of the low and high responders.ResultsSeveral significant differences in prevaccination immune markers were observed between the low and high vaccine responders. Moreover, RDA analysis revealed a significant association between the prevaccination immune phenotype and vaccine responsiveness. In particular, our analysis pointed at high numbers of CD4 T cells, especially naïve CD4 and regulatory T subsets, to be associated with low vaccine responsiveness. In addition, low responders showed lower prevaccination IL-1Ra levels than high responders.ConclusionThis explorative biomarker study shows associations between the prevaccination immune phenotype and vaccine responsiveness after a primary meningococcal vaccination in middle-aged adults. Consequently, these results provide a basis for predictive biomarker discovery for vaccine responsiveness that will require validation in larger cohort studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Explorative Biomarker Study for Vaccine Responsiveness after a Primary Meningococcal Vaccination in Middle-Aged Adults

et al. 2018

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“…Since tetanus toxoid (TT) is a carrier protein possessing multiple CD4 + Th cell epitopes and is associated memory Th subsets, it can be recognized by APCs and presented to CD4 + Th cells (Table 4). As mentioned previously, these Th cells can provide the second signal required for B cell activation (van der Heiden et al, 2017;Da et al, 2017). Recently, it has been reported that a new type of anti-gastrin vaccine using TT as a carrier protein for multiple complex antigens can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine (He et al, 2018).…”

Section: Tetanus Toxoid (Tt)mentioning

confidence: 79%

Peer Review #2 of "Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines (v0.1)"

2019

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Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines.When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: 1) pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors [TLRs]); 2) virus-like particle (VLP) carrier platforms; 3) bacterial toxin proteins; and 4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles [SAPNs], lipid core peptides [LCPs], and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.

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“…Since tetanus toxoid (TT) is a carrier protein possessing multiple CD4 + Th cell epitopes and is associated memory Th subsets, it can be recognized by APCs and presented to CD4 + Th cells (Table 4). As mentioned previously, these Th cells can provide the second signal required for B cell activation (Van Der Heiden et al, 2017; Da et al, 2017). Recently, it has been reported that a new type of anti-gastrin vaccine using TT as a carrier protein for multiple complex antigens can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine (He et al, 2018).…”

Section: Bacterial Toxin Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines

Yao

Zhao

Shao

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines. When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: (1) pattern recognition receptor ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors); (2) virus-like particle carrier platforms; (3) bacterial toxin proteins; and (4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles, lipid core peptides, and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.

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Tetanus Toxoid carrier protein induced T-helper cell responses upon vaccination of middle-aged adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

An Explorative Biomarker Study for Vaccine Responsiveness after a Primary Meningococcal Vaccination in Middle-Aged Adults

An Explorative Biomarker Study for Vaccine Responsiveness after a Primary Meningococcal Vaccination in Middle-Aged Adults

Peer Review #2 of "Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines (v0.1)"

Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines

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