Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Childbearing Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nigussie, Jemberu; Girma, Bekahegn; Molla, Alemayehu; Mareg, Moges

doi:10.1155/2021/5529315

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, most pregnant women who did not attend university were not vaccinated against tetanus compared to those with a university degree of education. As reported in previous studies, the education level of pregnant women may affect immunization status because it means they are likely to secure gainful employment thus guaranteeing the financial stability that enables easier access to better immunizations services and healthcare in general [16]. Factors such as negative perception of pregnant women about tetanus, poor planning of the upcoming pregnancy, and higher number of pregnancies decrease the likelihood of vaccination against tetanus with a protective dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Predictors of Tetanus Vaccine Uptake among Pregnant Women in Sudan: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Ibrahim¹,

Sabahelzain²,

Elhadi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination during pregnancy has been proven as an effective preven-tive measure to reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to assess the determinants of TT vaccine uptake among pregnant women in two public maternity specialized hospitals in Sudan. A hospi-tal-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two public hospitals, Omdurman Ma-ternity and AL-Saudi hospitals in Omdurman, Khartoum State in Sudan, from February to April 2020. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with receiving three or more doses of TT vaccine among pregnant women (protected against tetanus), presented as Odds ratios, with p-values <0.05 considered significant (at 95% confidence interval). The study recruited 350 pregnant women, with 313 participants in-cluded in the analysis. This study found that only 40% of the pregnant women received 3 doses or more (protected) of TT vaccine during their current pregnancy. Pregnant women who attended Al Saudi hospital were less likely to be protected against Tetanus (received ≥ 3 doses) compared to those who attended Omdurman hospital [OR= 0.49 (95%C.I 0.29-0.82), p-value <0.05]. Furthermore, the number of children at home was a significant predictor of mothers’ immunization status as those with five children or more were ten times more to be protected against tetanus [OR= 10.54 (95% C.I 4.30-25.86), p-value <0.05]. We conclude that this low rate of TT vaccine uptake found in this study among pregnant women increases the number of newborn babies susceptible to contracting neonatal tetanus. This study provides useful information that can inform the will increase in the probabilities of morbidities and mortalities that result from maternal and neonatal tetanus. The findings of this study should be considered in development of communication strategies targeting and prioritizing at-risk groups to increase TT vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Sudan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Predictors of Tetanus Vaccine Uptake among Pregnant Women in Sudan: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Ibrahim¹,

Sabahelzain²,

Elhadi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Additionally, as the tetanus toxoid vaccine is part of antenatal care services, healthcare providers make sure that pregnant women receive the immunization. 61 , 62 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of tetanus toxoid injections before birth and associated factors among pregnant women in low and middle income countries: Negative binomial poisson regression

Zegeye,

Tamir,

Mekonen

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Background: In low- and middle-income countries where vaccination rates are low, tetanus is still an important threat to public health. Although maternal and neonatal tetanus remains a major global health concern, its magnitude and determinates are not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the number of tetanus toxoid injections and associated factors among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys, which covered 60 low- and middle-income countries from 2010 to 2022, was used for secondary data analysis. The study included a total of 118,704 pregnant women. A statistical software package, STATA 14, was used to analyze the data. A negative binomial regression of a cross-sectional study was carried out. Factors associated with the number of tetanus vaccinations were declared significant at a p-value of < 0.05. The incidence rate ratio and confidence interval were used to interpret the results. A model with the smallest Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion values and the highest log likelihood was considered the best-fit model for this study. Results: In low- and middle-income countries, 26.0% of pregnant women took at least two doses of the tetanus toxoid vaccine. Factors such as maternal education, primary (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.26), secondary (IRR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.23), higher (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20), employment (IRR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.13), 1-3 ANC visits (IRR = 2.49, 95% CI: 2.41, 2.57), ≥4 visits (IRR = 2.94, 95% CI: 2.84, 3.03), wealth index (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 11.04, 1.08), ≥birth order (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.27), distance to health facility (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03), and health insurance coverage (IRR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.10) had a significant association with the number of tetanus vaccinations among pregnant women. Conclusions and recommendations: This study concludes that the number of tetanus toxoid vaccinations among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries is low. In the negative binomial model, the frequency of tetanus vaccinations has a significant association with maternal employment, educational status, wealth index, antenatal care visits, birth order, distance from a health facility, and health insurance. Therefore, the ministries of health in low and middle-income countries should give attention to those women who had no antenatal care visits and women from poor wealth quantiles while designing policies and strategies.

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“…9–11 Various socio-demographic and obstetric factors determine mothers’ utilization of TT immunization. Of the socio-demographic factors, maternal literacy, 12–14 young age, 12–15 higher family income, 14 and dwelling in an urban area 16 , 17 were factors that positively influenced the uptake of TT immunization. Higher numbers of antenatal care (ANC) visits, 12–15 , 18 multiparty, 12 , 16 giving birth in a health facility, 12 having a postnatal care (PNC) visit, 18 and having a plan for childbirth were obstetric factors that positively influenced the uptake of TT immunization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization and its associated factors among mothers in southern Ethiopia

Gembe,

Wosenyeleh,

Gezimu

2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The World Health Organization recommends tetanus toxoid immunization before or during pregnancy for all women of childbearing age. The goal is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality due to tetanus. According to the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, more than half (51%) of women did not receive protective doses of tetanus immunization. To the best of our knowledge, this study uniquely tried to assess the level of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 randomly selected participants. Variable with p -value of less than .25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p -value of less than .05. The proportion of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization uptake in the area was found to be 41.9% (95% CI: 38–46%). Being enrolled in formal education [AOR = 6.55, 95% CI: 3.23–9.01], having at least two postnatal care visits [AOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.78–6.40], having at least four antenatal care visits [AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.41–4.34], and being visited by Health Extension Workers [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.42–4.01] were found to be factors enhancing the uptake of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization. Generally, the uptake or prevalence of the protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in the area was lower than the World Health Organization’s target. Therefore, all responsible bodies, including healthcare providers, need to strengthen counseling mothers to enhance the uptake of tetanus toxoid immunization.

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Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Childbearing Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Predictors of Tetanus Vaccine Uptake among Pregnant Women in Sudan: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Predictors of Tetanus Vaccine Uptake among Pregnant Women in Sudan: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Number of tetanus toxoid injections before birth and associated factors among pregnant women in low and middle income countries: Negative binomial poisson regression

Protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization and its associated factors among mothers in southern Ethiopia

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