“…Academic library is essential for higher education institutions in supporting teaching, studies, and information needs (Gabbay & Shoham, 2019;Mierzecka & Suminas, 2018). Many academic libraries have developed various resources to serve the needs of their institutions, including personnel training and the provision of digital -based equipment to access information effectively (Ayoung, Baada, & Baayel, 2021;Bamidele, Omeluzor, Imam, & Amadi, 2013;Hamad, Tbaishat, & Al-Fadel, 2017;Mwilongo, Luambano, & Lwehabura, 2020;Onyeneke & Ahaneku, 2021; These capabilities are necessary to navigate the 21st century, where high-quality services to stakeholders should be prioritized.…”