Tethered and Untethered Flight by<i>Lygus hesperus</i>and<i>Lygus lineolaris</i>(Heteroptera: Miridae)

Blackmer, Jacquelyn L.; Naranjo, S. E.; Williams, Louis O.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-33.5.1389

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Females are stronger ßiers than males in some species (Hughes and Dorn 2002, Blackmer et al 2004, Wu et al 2006, whereas males are better in other species (e.g., Moriya and Hiroyoshi 1998). However, for many species there is no difference in ßight performance between sexes [e.g., the weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Goldson 1981); codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Schumacher et al 1997); walnut husk ßy (Zermeñ o 2005); and plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Chen et al 2006)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Food Supply on Flight Performance of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Wang

Johnson

Daane

et al. 2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a newly invasive pest of olives, Olea europaea L., in California. The table olive industry is located in California's Central Valley, where daily high summer temperatures can be >35.0°C. This study investigated the effects of high temperatures (heat stress) and food conditions on the flight performance of B. oleae in laboratory flight mill tests. Flies were provided food (honey and hydrolyzed yeast) and water for a 1-wk preconditioning period and then subjected to 24-h preflight exposure to diurnal temperature regimes (low-high temperatures of 18.3–35.0°C and 18–37.8°C) and deprivation of food. Flies with the preflight stress conditions had significantly lower flight performance (1,305 m and 0.989 h at 18.3–35.0°C and 1,152 m and 0.966 h at 18.3–37.8°C) than control files that were held under no-stress preflight conditions (constant 23.9°C, food, and water) and flew 1,982 m for 1.54 h. Flight distance and duration were further reduced when no water was provided during the 24-h preflight exposure to high temperature stress. Flight distance and duration also were decreased when the preflight exposure period was increased to 2 and 3 d. When flies were deprived of food and water during the preconditioning period, there was significant adult mortality and flight performance was poor (<50 m and <2 min) after 24-h preflight exposure to either the 18.3–35.0°C or the 18.3–37.8°C temperature regime and deprivation of food. Heat stress and food deprivation also reduced postflight fecundity and adult longevity. The results are discussed with respect to the ability of B. oleae to survive summer heat and food deprivation by dispersing to refuges with food, water, and shelter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Food Supply on Flight Performance of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Wang

Johnson

Daane

et al. 2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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“…Flight behavior can be studied by various methods that range from flight 'treadmills' and wind tunnels that approximate field conditions to static tethered flight devices. Tethered flight mills, like the one presented here, are limited in that certain aspects of flight, such as changes in altitude, cannot be measured 14 . However, tethered flight mills do allow insects to fly uninterrupted and thus allow researchers to quantify parameters such as speed, distance and periodicity of flight and correlate these parameters with environmental conditions, physiology, and morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is preferable to static tethering because it offers moving stimuli 13 , but it differs from a free flight behavioral response [14][15][16] . Some aspects of the flight behavior on the mill and in the wild are similar 5,17 so despite some limitations, flight mills represent a viable option to investigate questions regarding the occurrence of particular flight behavior responses, as is the case of migratory flight type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Flight Mill for the Study of Tethered Flight in Insects

Attisano

Murphy

Vickers³

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Flight in insects can be long-range migratory flights, intermediate-range dispersal flights, or short-range host-seeking flights. Previous studies have shown that flight mills are valuable tools for the experimental study of insect flight behavior, allowing researchers to examine how factors such as age, host plants, or population source can influence an insects' propensity to disperse. Flight mills allow researchers to measure components of flight such as speed and distance flown. Lack of detailed information about how to build such a device can make their construction appear to be prohibitively complex. We present a simple and relatively inexpensive flight mill for the study of tethered flight in insects. Experimental insects can be tethered with non-toxic adhesives and revolve around an axis by means of a very low friction magnetic bearing. The mill is designed for the study of flight in controlled conditions as it can be used inside an incubator or environmental chamber. The strongest points are the very simple electronic circuitry, the design that allows sixteen insects to fly simultaneously allowing the collection and analysis of a large number of samples in a short time and the potential to use the device in a very limited workspace. This design is extremely flexible, and we have adjusted the mill to accommodate different species of insects of various sizes.

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“…There are published reports of their presence in several groups of Heteroptera (Chapman 2006). Among the analysed genera, spermatophores have been reported in Lygus (Blackmer et al 2004) and Stenodema (Carayon 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systematic position of the tribe Stenodemini (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha: Miridae: Mirinae) in the light of the male internal reproductive system

Mróz

Wojciechowski

2011

Journal of Natural History

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The study focuses on the morphology and ultrastructure of the male reproductive system of 13 Hemiptera species representing the tribes Stenodemini and Pithanini: Acetropis carinata, Dolichomiris linearis, Leptopterna dolabrata, L. ferrugata, Megaloceroea recticornis, Notostira elongata, N. erratica, Stenodema (Brachystira) calcarata, Stenodema (Stenodema) holsata, S. (S.) laevigata, Trigonotylus caelestialium, T. pulchellus and Myrmecoris gracilis. The study also embraces three species which belong to the tribe Mirini, and play the role of an out-group in the conducted analyses. These species are: Adelphocoris seticornis, Calocoris affinis and Lygus rugulipennis. On the basis of total preparations, cross and longitudinal sections, we have studied the number of testicular follicles, their dimensions, types of connections between follicles and vas deferens, the structure of vasa deferentia, as well as the number, structure and origin of accessory glands. The above-listed features have provided complementary information, alongside morphological features, helpful in verifying the taxonomic position of the tribe Stenodemini.

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Tethered and Untethered Flight byLygus hesperusandLygus lineolaris(Heteroptera: Miridae)

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Food Supply on Flight Performance of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Food Supply on Flight Performance of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

A Simple Flight Mill for the Study of Tethered Flight in Insects

The systematic position of the tribe Stenodemini (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha: Miridae: Mirinae) in the light of the male internal reproductive system

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