Tethys: Collecting Sensor Data without Infrastracture or Trust

Chiang, Holly; Hong, James Won‐Ki; Kiningham, Kevin; Riliskis, Laurynas; Levis, Philip; Horowitz, Mark

doi:10.1109/iotdi.2018.00032

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Various works demonstrate prolonged lifetime using rechargeable batteries backed by solar [1,21,24,28,46,64,67] or sometimes kinetic and thermal energy harvesting [21,64]. The longest such deployment is understandably based on solar, and demonstrates a 2year uninterrupted operation [24].…”

Section: Deploymentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longest such deployment is understandably based on solar, and demonstrates a 2year uninterrupted operation [24]. In contrast, deployments based on thermal [64] and kinetic [21] energy harvesting are limited in lifespan, extending up to four weeks [64]. Our deployment location is void of solar energy, mandating the use of lower-energy sources like thermal and kinetic, yet the lifetime performance of Empire matches the one of the longest deployment using solar energy.…”

Section: Deploymentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, crossing the activation threshold merely because of vibration noise does not lead to activating a device, and we rather keep accumulating energy. Only a few solutions currently exist in this direction [21,64].…”

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real-world deployments. Besides systems that use solar radiation as energy source, few examples exist of long-term deployments demonstrating energy-harvesting zero-maintenance systems [20,21,45], as we discuss in Sec. 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the lessons learned from the earlier designs, the third iteration, called Empire and discussed in Sec. 6, is rooted in two key observations, namely i) a hardware/software co-design is required to efficiently manage the little available energy, and ii) in our deployment, a form of coupling exists between energy sources and sensed quantities [21,64]. We make the former concrete through dedicated hardware designs that tightly integrate with program structure and execution model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery-less zero-maintenance embedded sensing at the mithræum of circus maximus

Afanasov

Bhatti²,

Campagna

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems

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We present the design and evaluation of a 3.5-year embedded sensing deployment at the Mithraeum of Circus Maximus, a UNESCOprotected underground archaeological site in Rome (Italy). Unique to our work is the use of energy harvesting through thermal and kinetic energy sources. The extreme scarcity and erratic availability of energy, however, pose great challenges in system software, embedded hardware, and energy management. We tackle them by testing, for the first time in a multi-year deployment, existing solutions in intermittent computing, low-power hardware, and energy harvesting. Through three major design iterations, we find that these solutions operate as isolated silos and lack integration into a complete system, performing suboptimally. In contrast, we demonstrate the efficient performance of a hardware/software co-design featuring accurate energy management and capturing the coupling between energy sources and sensed quantities. Installing a batteryoperated system alongside also allows us to perform a comparative study of energy harvesting in a demanding setting. Albeit the latter reduces energy availability and thus lowers the data yield to about 22% of that provided by batteries, our system provides a comparable level of insight into environmental conditions and structural health of the site. Further, unlike existing energy-harvesting deployments that are limited to a few months of operation in the best cases, our system runs with zero maintenance since almost 2 years, including 3 months of site inaccessibility due to a COVID19 lockdown. CCS CONCEPTS• Computer systems organization → Sensor networks; Embedded software.

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Section: Deploymentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deploymentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Battery-less zero-maintenance embedded sensing at the mithræum of circus maximus

Afanasov

Bhatti²,

Campagna

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems

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BULWARK: A Framework to Store IoT Data in User Accounts

Reed

Tosun

2022

IEEE Access

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The explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices raises serious concerns for a user's privacy and security because the existing software framework on these devices often support various default features and generate large data sets. Moreover, many IoT devices incorporate a manufacturer-owned cloud-based back-end support to process and store the generated data while simultaneously sharing with third parties. Clearly, in such an industry-driven environment with the desire to use the IoT data as a revenue stream, it is a challenge for users to control IoT data. Device manufacturers utilize an opaque software design where user data is generated and stored with little transparency. Manufacturers use EULAs as a legal construct to protect a manufacturer's legal standing and to explain a device's behavior, however this explanation is vague and lacks the necessary details for a user to determine a device's acceptable use and it has become increasingly difficult for users to secure and maintain their data. Fortunately, as the privacy minded user base of IoT devices grows, the manufacturers will be forced to implement a new framework that can enable users to have more control on the creation of their IoT data, and to store/disseminate such data in a secure and private manner. In this paper, we address this lack of transparency from manufacturers and address the issues of privacy and security by proposing a new framework called Bulwark, for manufacturer use on IoT devices and mobile applications. Proposed framework enables the user to generate and manage a set of data controlling rules, and store the result in their personal cloud account, while providing a dashboard data reporting tool enabling data transparency and supporting good user choices. The user's ability to access, disseminate and secure IoT generated data, is now available within our proposed framework. Using reverse engineering, simulation and implementation of open source solutions, we demonstrate support for a set of common devices. Each device executed the framework, while communicating with a mobile application and cloud services. Rules were generated for each message and telemetry was returned to the mobile application for dashboard rendering. We stored generated data in the cloud using our own account, while maintaining the free tier for each of the cloud services. Network usage increased between 4% and 9% while storage size grew between 0% and 2% larger, as compared to using the device without the framework. Our framework demonstrates support for a multitude of devices, by either open source or support for similar feature sets. This framework is easy to integrate and we anticipate wide spread adoption.

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Sensing, Computing, and Communications for Energy Harvesting IoTs: A Survey

Lan

Hassan

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

256

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Sensing Optimizations Computing Optimizations Communications Optimizations  Commercial products and services  Standards for wireless protocol and transducer test method  Checkpointing optimization  Timekeeping across power failures  Packet-less communication  Reinforcement learning based communication optimization  Backscatter communication  Kinetic EH sensing  Thermal EH sensing  Solar EH sensing  RF EH sensingTABLE I: Vendors specializing in energy harvesting components and solutions suitable for IoTs. Company Source Energy Harvester EH Solution Application Foundation Year Piezo Systems Kinetic × piezoelectric energy harvesting 1988 MIDE Technology Kinetic × piezoelectric energy harvesting

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Tethys: Collecting Sensor Data without Infrastracture or Trust

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Battery-less zero-maintenance embedded sensing at the mithræum of circus maximus

Battery-less zero-maintenance embedded sensing at the mithræum of circus maximus

BULWARK: A Framework to Store IoT Data in User Accounts

Sensing, Computing, and Communications for Energy Harvesting IoTs: A Survey

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