Tetraethylammonium chloride reduces anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice

Safety of general anaesthetics on the developing brain: are we there yet?

“…Many drugs show neuroprotective effects in animal models exposed to general anaesthesia. 179 The establishment of a phenotype of general anaesthesia could be a promising approach to understand general anaesthetics mechanisms and neuroprotective strategies. 87 , 115 Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a modality of MRI, one could measure metabolic variations induced by general anaesthesia and identify neurotoxic mechanisms, based on the expected cellular effects of anaesthetics.…”

Research progress on molecular mechanisms of general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the developing brain

“…And the regulation of PTP1B may be a potential treatment for general anesthetic neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. One study found that isoflurane can induce neurotoxicity in larvae by causing ER stress through inhibition of mitochondrial function ( 76 ), and activation of mTOR can inhibit ER stress and the occurrence of this neurotoxicity ( 76 , 77 ). Although not involved in the early brain development of mammals in this study, it is still instructive for the toxic effects induced by general anesthetics on developing nerves.…”