Tetragonality mapping of martensite in a high‑carbon steel by EBSD

Nolze, Gert; Winkelmann, Aimo; Cios, Grzegorz; Tokarski, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111040

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The tetragonality is typically determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), but it is important to note that conventional XRD only measures an average tetragonality. Additionally, reliable tetragonality measurements by XRD can be challenging considering peak overlap, peak broadening interpretation and accurate fitting [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Furthermore, there are clear indications from XRD measurements that the tetragonality is heterogeneously distributed due to the presence of an additional third peak or asymmetric peak shapes [ 6 , 8 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of previous in situ high-energy XRD experiments during the heat treatment for high carbon steels [ 14 , 15 ] have shown that the martensite tetragonality changes during transformation, leading to a heterogeneous distribution of tetragonality after quenching. The heterogeneous distribution of tetragonality has been confirmed by local tetragonality measurements using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) based on pattern matching approaches [ 8 , 13 , 16 ]. However, the relationship between the local tetragonality and local carbon content has not been studied previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of Heterogeneous Local Martensite Tetragonality and Carbon Distribution in High Carbon Steel

et al. 2022

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A novel approach for the correlation of local martensite tetragonality determined by electron backscatter diffraction and carbon distribution by atom probe tomography (APT) is presented. The two methods are correlated by site-specific sample preparation for APT based on the local tetragonality. This approach is used to investigate the local carbon distribution in high carbon steel with varying local martensite tetragonality. Regions with low tetragonality show clear agglomeration of carbon based on statistical nearest neighbour (NN) analysis, while regions with high tetragonality show only small elongated agglomerations of carbon and no significant clustering using NN analysis. The APT average bulk carbon content shows no quantitative difference between regions with low and high tetragonality, indicating that no significant long-range diffusion of carbon has taken place.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Heterogeneous Local Martensite Tetragonality and Carbon Distribution in High Carbon Steel

et al. 2022

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“…Yet, for both algorithms, the final results of HR-EBSD are limited by the accuracy of the projection parameters [16,13]. Other advanced EBSD analyses, such as tetragonality mapping of martensite [17], also require precise PC values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of crystal orientation and pattern center of EBSD using integrated digital image correlation

Shi

Loisnard

Dan

et al. 2021

Materials Characterization

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“…Kikuchi diffraction simulations are also applied to estimate continuous parameters from experimental patterns. This includes the calibration of the geometrical setup, 17–20 the indexing and refinement of crystal orientations 8,21–27 and the quantification of local changes in lattice parameters, 28–31 including the possible role of defects 32 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kikuchi diffraction simulations are also applied to estimate continuous parameters from experimental patterns. This includes the calibration of the geometrical setup, [17][18][19][20] the indexing and refinement of crystal orientations 8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and the quantification of local changes in lattice parameters, [28][29][30][31] including the possible role of defects. 32 To improve the simulation-based pattern matching approaches, it is necessary to understand which experimental effects are relevant to be included in the theoretical models used in Kikuchi diffraction pattern simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kikuchi pattern simulations of backscattered and transmitted electrons

Winkelmann

Nolze

Cios

et al. 2021

Journal of Microscopy

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We discuss a refined simulation approach which treats Kikuchi diffraction patterns in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). The model considers the result of two combined mechanisms: (a) the dynamical diffraction of electrons emitted coherently from point sources in a crystal and (b) diffraction effects on incoherent diffuse intensity distributions. Using suitable parameter settings, the refined simulation model allows to reproduce various thickness‐ and energy‐dependent features which are observed in experimental Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Excess‐deficiency features are treated by the effect of gradients in the incoherent background intensity. Based on the analytical two‐beam approximation to dynamical electron diffraction, a phenomenological model of excess‐deficiency features is derived, which can be used for pattern matching applications. The model allows to approximate the effect of the incident beam geometry as a correction signal for template patterns which can be reprojected from pre‐calculated reference data. As an application, we find that the accuracy of fitted projection centre coordinates in EBSD and TKD can be affected by changes in the order of 10−3–10−2 if excess‐deficiency features are not considered in the theoretical model underlying a best‐fit pattern matching approach. Correspondingly, the absolute accuracy of simulation‐based EBSD strain determination can suffer from biases of a similar order of magnitude if excess‐deficiency effects are neglected in the simulation model.

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Tetragonality mapping of martensite in a high‑carbon steel by EBSD

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Correlation of Heterogeneous Local Martensite Tetragonality and Carbon Distribution in High Carbon Steel

Correlation of Heterogeneous Local Martensite Tetragonality and Carbon Distribution in High Carbon Steel

Calibration of crystal orientation and pattern center of EBSD using integrated digital image correlation

Kikuchi pattern simulations of backscattered and transmitted electrons

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