Tetralogy of fallot produced in chick embryos by mechanical interference with cardiogenesis

Aránega, Amelia; Egea, J.M. Cano; Álvarez, Luis; Arteaga, Manuel

doi:10.1002/ar.1092130412

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ventricular septal defects have been described in a juvenile houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) (Bailey & Kinne, 2001) and for penguins as well as various species of caged birds (Laughlin et al, 2016). Experimental manipulation of the circulation of chicken embryos has been used to investigate causal mechanisms for mammalian cardiac defects (Aranega et al, 1985;Broekhuizen et al, 1999;Ward et al, 2005;Midgett & Rugonyi, 2014), so presumably some, if not all, of the cardiovascular defects that occur in adult mammals also can appear in adult birds.…”

Section: (A) Intracardiac Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

2019

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This review explores the long‐standing question: ‘Why do cardiovascular shunts occur?’ An historical perspective is provided on previous research into cardiac shunts in vertebrates that continues to shape current views. Cardiac shunts and when they occur is then described for vertebrates. Nearly 20 different functional reasons have been proposed as specific causes of shunts, ranging from energy conservation to improved gas exchange, and including a plethora of functions related to thermoregulation, digestion and haemodynamics. It has even been suggested that shunts are merely an evolutionary or developmental relic. Having considered the various hypotheses involving cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates, this review then takes a non‐traditional approach. Rather than attempting to identify the single ‘correct’ reason for the occurrence of shunts, we advance a more holistic, integrative approach that embraces multiple, non‐exclusive suites of proposed causes for shunts, and indicates how these varied functions might at least co‐exist, if not actually support each other as shunts serve multiple, concurrent physiological functions. It is argued that deposing the ‘monolithic’ view of shunting leads to a more nuanced view of vertebrate cardiovascular systems. This review concludes by suggesting new paradigms for testing the function(s) of shunts, including experimentally placing organ systems into conflict in terms of their perfusion needs, reducing sources of variation in physiological experiments, measuring possible compensatory responses to shunt ablation, moving experiments from the laboratory to the field, and using cladistics‐related approaches in the choice of experimental animals.

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Section: (A) Intracardiac Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

2019

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“…Fertile White Leghorn (Shaver Starcross 288) chicken eggs were incubated a t 375°C in a standard incubator with 80% relative humidity. This strain has been previously shown to present a low rate of spontaneous mutations (Aranega et al, 1973(Aranega et al, , 1985. The chick embryos were incubated to Hamburger Hamilton stages [18][19].…”

Section: Production Of the Monoclonal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of α‐tropomyosin during cardiac development in the chick embryo

et al. 1992

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A new monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes alpha-tropomyosin in cardiac muscle cells was used in a qualitative (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence) and quantitative (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) study of the expression of this protein during heart development. alpha-Tropomyosin expression was weak in early stages of chick embryo development (Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18), and increased steadily until Hamburger Hamilton stage 40. In early stages, the protein was found mainly in cytoplasm, whereas by the final stages, it was more abundant in the cytoskeletal compartment. The mAb cross-reacted with alpha-tropomyosin in smooth and striated muscle cells from chickens, mice, and humans, but did not cross-react with nonmuscle tropomyosin.

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Ethyl alcohol reduces cardiac output, stroke volume, and end diastolic volume in the embryonic chick

Bruyere

Stith

1994

Teratology

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It has been established that ethanol causes both human congenital cardiac malformations and structural intracardiac abnormalities in the embryonic chick. In view of a theory that reduced embryonic tissue hemodynamics are associated with the development of malformations, we attempted to determine whether or not a) ethanol altered cardiac blood flow and b) altered hemodynamics were a function of ethanol dose in the chick embryo. Cardiac function in Hamburger-Hamilton stage 19 chick embryos was recorded on videotape before and up to 10 hours after exposure to graded doses of ethanol. Parameters of cardiac function, including cardiac output, were determined from videotaped images by means of computer assistance. Cardiac output decreased in a linear fashion with dose for up to 3 hours after exposure to ethanol. The maximum relative percent decrease in cardiac output was directly related to the dose of ethanol administered. Furthermore, the time required after ethanol treatment for mean cardiac output to return to pretreatment and control values was also dose-dependent--lower doses of ethanol required less time for mean cardiac output to return to pretreatment and control values. Although relatively high doses of ethanol depress cardiac rate, we attribute the significant decrease in cardiac output primarily to parallel dose-dependent decreases in both stroke volume and end diastolic volume. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced embryonic cardiac blood flow during cardiogenesis is associated with the development of ethanol-induced intracardiac defects in chick embryos.

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Tetralogy of fallot produced in chick embryos by mechanical interference with cardiogenesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

Expression of α‐tropomyosin during cardiac development in the chick embryo

Ethyl alcohol reduces cardiac output, stroke volume, and end diastolic volume in the embryonic chick

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