Tetramethylpyrazine Antagonizes the Subchronic Cadmium Exposure-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mouse Livers via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

Abstract

Hepatic oxidative stress is an important mechanism of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity, and it is ameliorated by TMP. However, this underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. To investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of TMP on liver injuries in mice induced by subchronic cadmium exposure, 60 healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups of 12 mice each, namely, control (CON), Cd (2 mg/kg of CdCl2), Cd + 100 mg/kg of TMP, Cd + 150 mg/kg of TMP, and Cd + 200 mg/kg of TMP, and were acclimatized and fed for 7 d. The five groups of mice were gavaged for 28 consecutive days with a maximum dose of 0.2 mL/10 g/day. Except for the control group, all groups were given fluoride (35 mg/kg) by an intraperitoneal injection on the last day of the experiment. The results of this study show that compared with the Cd group, TMP attenuated CdCl2-induced pathological changes in the liver and improved the ultrastructure of liver cells, and TMP significantly decreased the MDA level (p < 0.05) and increased the levels of T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH (p < 0.05). The results of mRNA detection show that TMP significantly increased the levels of Nrf2 in the liver compared with the Cd group as well as the HO-1 and mRNA expression levels in the liver (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TMP could inhibit oxidative stress and attenuate Cd group-induced liver injuries by activating the Nrf2 pathway.

Luteolin alleviates cadmium-induced metabolism disorder through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in chicken kidney

“…T-SOD plays a crucial part in maintaining the balance between oxidation and antioxidation systems by effectively scavenging ROS to combat the toxic effects of oxygen-free radicals. Therefore, T-SOD activity symbolically represented the ability to scavenger oxygen free radicals of the organisms ( Hu et al, 2024 ). MDA as a reliable parameter to reflect the increase of ROS level because its concentration in cells is positively correlated with the degree of cell damage.…”

Dopamine D2 Receptor Activation Blocks GluA2/ROS Positive Feedback Loop to Alienate Chronic-Migraine-Associated Pain Sensitization

“…Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating migraine, and a variety of herbal components have shown great potential for relieving chronic pain [ 21 , 22 ], including ligustrazine, the main active ingredient of ligusticum chuanxiong hort , which reportedly attenuates the production of ROS and resists oxidative stress in a variety of neurological disorders [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, whether ligustrazine can target D2R to alienate chronic migraine remains unclear.…”