Tetrazol-Cu(i) immobilized on nickel ferrite catalyzed green synthesis of indenopyridopyrimidine derivatives in aqueous media

Abstract

In this protocol, a novel nanocatalyst was very effective in progression of the reaction and increasing efficiency. This green approach in aqueous media has several advantages compared with the reported methods.

Recent progress of nanocatalyst in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds by barbituric acids

“…This green approach has some merits, including mild status, easier work-up, economical and availability of starting materials, eco-friendliness, and several series reusabilities of catalyst. 56 The preparation of the nickel ferrite was performed by co-precipitation in four steps. First, a solution of NaOH (as the precipitating agent) was mixed in the solutions of FeCl 3 .6H 2 O (ferric chloride) and nickel chloride (NiCl 2 .6H 2 O) to achieve pH > 12 in the reaction.…”

“…The respective product 30 was attained via cyclocondensation and the elimination of H 2 O. 56 In 2021, Yadollahzadeh developed a green, magnetic, and efficient Brønsted acid nanomagnetic catalyst [nano-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @(CH 2 ) 3 -1-methyl imidazole] HSO 4 , for the one-step, Knoevenagel condensation synthesis of 11, through a quick one-pot pathway between BA 1 and aryl aldehyde 2 in H 2 O (reflux). The positive aspects of this procedure take diverse merits, namely, involving fast reaction times, high yields, easy experimental route, various distinctions eco-friendly solvent, mild reaction status, recyclability, and catalyst reusability with an external magnet several times (Scheme 18).…”

“…A magnetically heterogeneous catalyst covered with functional groups NiFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐tetrazol‐Cu(I) to provide a new synthetic pathway for synthesizing indenopyridopyrimidines 30 through the reaction of BA 1 , aryl aldehyde 2 , ammonium acetate 23 , and 1,3‐indanedione 29 in water solvent at 90°C was developed by Ghanbari and Naeimi (Scheme 15). This green approach has some merits, including mild status, easier work‐up, economical and availability of starting materials, eco‐friendliness, and several series reusabilities of catalyst 56 …”

“…Finally, for producing NiFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐tetrazol‐Cu(I), a solution of CuCl in ethanol was added to the product, which was delivered from the previous step and then placed under an N 2 atmosphere for 4 h (Scheme 16). 56 …”

Design and characterization of an urea-bridged PMO supporting Cu(II) nanoparticles as highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of tetrazole derivatives

“…Due to the use of copper complexes in various chemical reactions such as hydroboration of alkenes 79 , 80 , β-boration of α,β-unsaturated esters 81 , direct addition of terminal alkynes to imines 82 , 83 , alkyne-azide cycloaddition 84 , 85 and allylic alkylation reactions 86 , special attention has been paid to copper complexes as catalysts for these reactions. Furthermore, the Cu(I)-assisted click chemistry (CuACC) of azide–nitrile cycloaddition for synthesis of corresponding heterocyclic compounds, namely tetrazole derivatives, has received much attention in recent years 87 – 91 .…”