Tetrazolium dyes as tools in cell biology: New insights into their cellular reduction

Berridge, Michael V.; Herst, Patries M.; Tan, Ah-Hwee

doi:10.1016/s1387-2656(05)11004-7

Cited by 1,846 publications

(1,278 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The MICs of FLE and FBE against the test fungi were determined according to the guidelines described in the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1998) for filamentous fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract against the test organisms was detected as the minimum concentration of extracts that did not exhibit microbial growth after the addition MTT to the medium and incubation at 37°C for 20 min (Berridge et al, 2005). The growth or nonsurvival of the test organisms with various concentrations of the extracts after the addition of the MTT were compared to the untreated cells (organism without extracts) and the MIC determined as described by Eloff (1998).…”

Section: Microdilution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties ofFuntumia elastica

Agyare

Koffuor

Boakye

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Section: Microdilution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties ofFuntumia elastica

Agyare

Koffuor

Boakye

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…In micro plates 2 x 10 4 cells/well were seeded with fresh medium (DMEM without phenol red) containing 10% FCS with 0 µM, 2 µM or 10 µM of the PS and incubated for 24 h. After exchange of medium (to remove any PS not taken up by the cells) the photosensitization was performed at RT with a diode laser at 652 nm and 50 J/cm 2 (Ceralas PDT 652, CeramOptec GmbH). The cell viability of the samples was measured with a Tecan Infinite 200 microplate reader at a wavelength of 490 nm and assessed using the XTT assay [55] and the absorbance. A wavelength of 630 to 690 nm was used to measure the reference absorbance (for measuring the non-specific readings).…”

Section: In Vitro Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution on Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Dipyrranes and Tetrapyrroles as a Route to Multifunctionalized Chromophores for Potential Application in Photodynamic Therapy

Gutsche

Ortwerth

Gräfe

et al. 2016

Chemistry A European J

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Abstract:The application of porphyrinoids in biomedical fields like photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the introduction of functional groups to adjust their solubility in the biological environment and to allow a coupling to other active moieties or carrier systems. A valuable motif in this regard is the pentafluorophenyl (PFP)-substituent, as the PFP-group easily undergoes a regiospecific nucleophilic replacement (S N Ar) of the para-fluorine atom by a number of nucleophiles. Here, it is shown that -alternatively to an amino-substitution on the final porphyrinoid or BODIPY -the precursor 5-(PFP)-dipyrrane can be modified with amines (or alcohols). These dipyrranes were transformed into amino-substituted BODIPYs. Condensation of these dipyrranes with aldehydes gives access to trans-A 2 B 2 -porphyrins and -A 2 B-corroles. Using pentafluorobenzaldehyde another para-fluorine atom can be introduced enabling the synthesis of multifunctionalized tetrapyrroles. Furthermore, alkoxy-and amino-substituted dipyrranes were applied to the synthesis of A 3 B 3 -hexaphyrins. With this approach polar porphyrins can be prepared, which exhibit in vitro PDT activity against several tumor cell lines.

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“…They have been widely used in anticancer drug research to investigate cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on cancer cell lines and tumour cells (Berridge et al 2005). The reduction of tetrazolium salts from colourless or weakly coloured, aqueous solutions to brightly coloured formazan has been the basis of their use as vital dyes in biochemical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of the MTT assay for measuring viability of cyanobacteria and algae, specifically for Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria)

Li¹,

Song²

2007

Phycologia

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Several assay methods were screened for viability assessment in cyanobacteria using Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905. Compared with fluorescent diacetate (FDA), Evan's Blue and autofluorescence, the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which was based on the ability of viable cells to reduce MTT to formazan, was found to be reliable and was selected for further study. MTT concentration, incubation time and temperature were optimized for M. aeruginosa. Improvements to the sensitivity and reproducibility of the MTT assay included performing it in the dark to reduce the effects of formazan light sensitivity when extracted in DMSO. Another improvement involved collecting viability data by cell by counting rather than colourimetrically, which was concluded from the fact that oxidoreductase activity, responsible for MTT reduction, would elevate or decrease under stress conditions. Half-life of oxidoreductase in dead cell was calculated to be 3 h. The MTT assay was also found to be applicable to other cyanobacteria and diatoms, including field samples, but not for algae belonging to Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta or Chrysophyta. Based on the above results, we proposed an optimized procedure for the MTT method on Microcystis strains. The use of this assay may be of importance to better understand the dynamics of bloom and the fate of Microcystis under natural or disturbed conditions.

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Tetrazolium dyes as tools in cell biology: New insights into their cellular reduction

Cited by 1,846 publications

References 91 publications

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties ofFuntumia elastica

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties ofFuntumia elastica

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution on Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Dipyrranes and Tetrapyrroles as a Route to Multifunctionalized Chromophores for Potential Application in Photodynamic Therapy

Applicability of the MTT assay for measuring viability of cyanobacteria and algae, specifically for Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria)

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